. The pruning-book; a monograph of the pruning and training of plants as applied to American conditions. 309. Crittenden training in the original Josepli, Mich. to which the trunk is tied for support. Fourcanes are taken from spurs on the head of thetrunk, one for each of the radiating canes are cut to three and one-half orfour feet in length, and the bearing shootsdroop as they grow. Fig. 310 shows this train-ing as it appears some time after the leavesstart in spring. Later in the season the wholevineyard becomes a great arbor, and a personstanding at a distance sees
. The pruning-book; a monograph of the pruning and training of plants as applied to American conditions. 309. Crittenden training in the original Josepli, Mich. to which the trunk is tied for support. Fourcanes are taken from spurs on the head of thetrunk, one for each of the radiating canes are cut to three and one-half orfour feet in length, and the bearing shootsdroop as they grow. Fig. 310 shows this train-ing as it appears some time after the leavesstart in spring. Later in the season the wholevineyard becomes a great arbor, and a personstanding at a distance sees an almost impene-trable mass of herbage. This system appears to 478 AMERICAN GRAPE TRAINING, CONCLUDED have little merit, aud will always remain localin application. It possesses the advantage ofeconomy in construction of the trellis, for veryslender posts are used, even at the ends of therows. The end posts are either braced by apole, or anchored by a wire taken from the top. 310. Cross-wire training. and secured to a stake or stone eight or ten feetbeyond, outside the vineyard. Renewal Kniffin.—It is an easy matter toadapt the Kniffin principle of free hangingshoots to a true renewal method of are a few modifications in use in whichthe wood is annually renewed to near the trellises comprise either two or three wires,and are made in the same manner as for the RENEWAL KNIFPIN 479 upright systems, as the High Renewal. At tneannual pruning only one cane is left. This com-prises twelve or fifteen buds, and is tied updiagonally across the trellis, the point or end ofthe cane usually being bent downward somewhat,in order to check the strong growth from theuppermost parts. The shootshang from this cane, andthey may be pinched backAvhen they reach the the meantime, a strongshoot is taken out from theopposite side of the head—which usually stands a footor less from the ground—tomake the bearing wood ofthe next year; and this
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