. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. 108 S. SANTAGATA behavior in the presence of UCSW diluted as much as 1:500. However, most larvae exhibited the swimming behavior if exposed to a 1:10 dilution of UCSW. Most of the variation in the percentage of larvae that were behav- iorally induced was explained by the dosage of UCSW (r2 = ). I tested the responses of Phoronis pallida larvae to am- monium, which can induce settlement in oyster larvae (Coon et ai, 1990). The larvae responded behaviorally to very high levels of ammonium (10 mM; Fig. 3). However, UCSW con
. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. 108 S. SANTAGATA behavior in the presence of UCSW diluted as much as 1:500. However, most larvae exhibited the swimming behavior if exposed to a 1:10 dilution of UCSW. Most of the variation in the percentage of larvae that were behav- iorally induced was explained by the dosage of UCSW (r2 = ). I tested the responses of Phoronis pallida larvae to am- monium, which can induce settlement in oyster larvae (Coon et ai, 1990). The larvae responded behaviorally to very high levels of ammonium (10 mM; Fig. 3). However, UCSW contains only 5-7 ^M of total ammonia, and levels during the experimental trials (1:10 dilution) were between and juA/. According to the dosage-de- pendent response to ammonium chloride (Fig. 3), this concentration would be insufficient to elicit the same behavioral response. Morion ancilvsis 60 - 40 • 20 •. i 01 CL 001 01 1 10 Excess ammonium chloride (mM) in FSW Figure 3. Behavioral response of Phoronis pallida larvae to increased concentration of ammonium chloride. Error bars equal one standard devi- ation from the mean and were calculated from 3 replicates of 10 larvae per treatment. Average swimming velocities were mm/s for larvae in FSW and mm/s for larvae in UCSW. The maximum speed for most larvae exposed to UCSW was about mm/s, but a few larvae reached speeds of 7 mm/s. A one-way analysis of variance between the two treatments shows a significant difference (Fig. 4, df = 43. F-ratio = P < ). Once larvae reached the substratum, the increased swimming speed was maintained between prob- ing sites (horizontal speeds, see Fig. 4, df = 62, F-ratio = 308, P ) and below 50 kDa (F = , P > ) was equal to that of untreated UCSW. The below 10-kDa and above 50-kDa fractions (F-ratio = , P < and F = 400, P < , respectively) did not induce any changes in larval behavior, but these larvae did respond to raw UCSW
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Keywords: ., bookauthorlilliefrankrat, booksubjectbiology, booksubjectzoology
