. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College. Zoology. 5mm Figure 34. Lower cheek teeth (P4-M3) and upper cheek teeth (P3-M3) of carpolestids, to same scale. A and B) Elphidotarsius (based on £., cf. E. florencae). C and D) Carpodaptes (based on C. hazelae). E and F) Carpo- lestes (based on C. dubius). increase in size of the teeth is increasing mandibular depth to accommodate the lengthening roots, particularly of P4. The mandible of Elphidotarsius is relatively shallow ( mm); that of Carpodaptes is somewhat deeper ( mm; mm in C. jepseni); and the jaw o
. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College. Zoology. 5mm Figure 34. Lower cheek teeth (P4-M3) and upper cheek teeth (P3-M3) of carpolestids, to same scale. A and B) Elphidotarsius (based on £., cf. E. florencae). C and D) Carpodaptes (based on C. hazelae). E and F) Carpo- lestes (based on C. dubius). increase in size of the teeth is increasing mandibular depth to accommodate the lengthening roots, particularly of P4. The mandible of Elphidotarsius is relatively shallow ( mm); that of Carpodaptes is somewhat deeper ( mm; mm in C. jepseni); and the jaw of CarpoJestes is comparatively deep ( mm). There is also a trend toward lengthening and slenderizing the enlarged medial incisor. Associated with size increase is the in- creasing specialization of P4 and P3-4 (see Fig. 34). The enlargement and special- ization of these teeth occurred, at least in part, at the expense of the anterior teeth (except the medial incisors), which underwent reduction through time. Special- ization was accomplished by the addition of accessory cusps, with the result that in the two more specialized genera cusp homologies are not entirely clear. As in most Paleocene primates, the antemolar modifications are more diagnostic than are the molars, which remain relatively conservative (paromomyids such as Phena- colemur and Micromomys [Szalay, 1973] have an enlarged P4, reduced anterior teeth except the incisor, and relatively conserv- ative molars). Specialization of P4 in carpolestids was accompanied by elongation of the trigonid of M4. The trigonid cusps of Mi in Elphidotarsius are arranged in a triangle, but in Carpodaptes and Carpolestes the paraconid and protoconid are drawn out, nearly or exactly in line, and colinear with the cusps of P4. The lengthening of the trigonid of Mi occurs at the expense of the length of the talonid and is relatively more marked in Carpolestes than in Carpodaptes. M3 tends to enlarge in the sequence El- phidotarsiu
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