. Class-book of botany : being outlines of the structure, physiology and classification of plants : with a flora of the United States and Canada. Botany; Botany; Botany. 36 THE STEM, OR ASCENDING AXIS. beech, birch, oak, and especially in the spruce—trees with oval or pyramidal crowns. 174. But in the other, the solvent axis, as seen in the elm, the apple-tree, the trunk suddenly divides into several subequal branches, which thence depart with different degrees of divergency, giving the urn form to tho elm, the rounded fora. lo the apple-tree, the depressed form to the sloe-tree (Viburnum) and
. Class-book of botany : being outlines of the structure, physiology and classification of plants : with a flora of the United States and Canada. Botany; Botany; Botany. 36 THE STEM, OR ASCENDING AXIS. beech, birch, oak, and especially in the spruce—trees with oval or pyramidal crowns. 174. But in the other, the solvent axis, as seen in the elm, the apple-tree, the trunk suddenly divides into several subequal branches, which thence depart with different degrees of divergency, giving the urn form to tho elm, the rounded fora. lo the apple-tree, the depressed form to the sloe-tree (Viburnum) and dogwood. 175. The form of the trunk sometimes changes with age, especially in tropical regions, some distorted by huge local excrescences, others swelling out in the midst to " aldermanic" 47. a, An old willow (Salix Babylonica) with gnarled and misshapen trunk, b, Cattdex of a eactns (Echinooactus Ottonis). c, Bombax, of Brazilian forests, with distended trunk, d. Pal- metto (babal, Adns), the caudex rough with the persistent bases of tho petioles. 176. Caudex is a term now applied to the peculiar trunk of the palms and tree- ferns, simple, branchless columns, or rarely dividing in advanced age. It is pro- duced by the growth of the terminal bud alone, and its sides are marked by the scars of the fallen leaf-stalks of former years, or are yet covered by their persistent bases. 177. The stock or caudex of the cactus tribe is extraordinary in form and sub- stance. It is often jointed, prismatic, branched, always greenish, fleshy, and full of a watery juice. Instead of leaves, its lateral buds develop spines only, the stem itself performing the functions of leaves. These plants abound in the warm regions of tropical America, and afford a cooling, acid beverage to the thirsty traveler when springs dry up under the torrid sun. 178. The vine is either herbaceous or woody. It is a stem too slen- der and weak to stand erect, but trails along the ground or an
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1800, bookdecade1860, booksubjectbotany, bookyear1861
