Scientific amusements . scovered by Courtojs, of Paris, and in 1813Gay^Lussac made it a special study. It is solid at ordinarytemperatures, and assumes crystallized forms in plates ofmetallic lustre. It is an excellent remedy in goitre andsuch afifections. (Symbol I. Atomic weight 127.) Fluorine is very difficult to prepare. Fluor spar isa compound of fluorine and calcium. This element isgaseous, and combines so rapidly that it is very difficult 96 , CHEMISTRY. to obtain in a free state. Etching on glass is accomplishedby means of hydrofluoric acid, for fluorine has a greataffinity for silicic
Scientific amusements . scovered by Courtojs, of Paris, and in 1813Gay^Lussac made it a special study. It is solid at ordinarytemperatures, and assumes crystallized forms in plates ofmetallic lustre. It is an excellent remedy in goitre andsuch afifections. (Symbol I. Atomic weight 127.) Fluorine is very difficult to prepare. Fluor spar isa compound of fluorine and calcium. This element isgaseous, and combines so rapidly that it is very difficult 96 , CHEMISTRY. to obtain in a free state. Etching on glass is accomplishedby means of hydrofluoric acid, for fluorine has a greataffinity for silicic, acid, which is contained in glass. Theglass is covered with wax, and the design is traced witha needle. The acid attacks the glass and leaves the wax,so the design is eaten in. (Symbol F. Atomic weight 19.) Chlorine, fluorine, bromine, and iodine are termed Halogens (producers of salts). They appear, as wehave seen, in a gaseous, liquid, and solid form respectively. Carbon is the most, or one of the most, largely dif-. Facets of a brilliant. fused elements in nature, and claims more than a passingnotice at our hands, though even that must be brief. Wemay put down carbon next to oxygen as the most im-portant element in the world. The forms assumed bycarbon are very variable, and pervade nature in all itsphases. We have carbon in crystals, in the animal andvegetable kingdoms, and amongst the chief minerals a solid,odourless, tasteless, infusible, and almost insoluble various combinations carbon meets us at every turn ;united with oxygen it forms carbonic acid, which weexhale for the plants to imbibe. We have it in coal, CARBON. 97 with hydrogen and oxygen. We have it building upanimal tissues, and it is never absent in two out of thethree great divisions of nature — the plants and the animals(Symbol C ; Atomic W. 12). We have carbon in three different and well-known con-ditions ; as the diamond, as graphite, or black-lead, andas charcoal. The properties of the diamond
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