. American foundry practice . e top of the pipes, itis best not to fire at the bottom of the pipes, but wait untilthe mould is full of iron. A good supply of vent wires of allsizes is needed by every foundry, since their liberal use hassaved many a casting that would otherwise have been lostthrough hard ramming, or wet or inferior sand.* * A valuable chapter which should be read hi connection with thisis found on p. 155, Vol. II. MOULDING KETTLES. 59 MOULDING KETTLES WITH A DKY SAND COPEAND GREEN SAND BOTTOM. Ordinary kettles are usually made in loam, having thebottom cast up.* The engraving s
. American foundry practice . e top of the pipes, itis best not to fire at the bottom of the pipes, but wait untilthe mould is full of iron. A good supply of vent wires of allsizes is needed by every foundry, since their liberal use hassaved many a casting that would otherwise have been lostthrough hard ramming, or wet or inferior sand.* * A valuable chapter which should be read hi connection with thisis found on p. 155, Vol. II. MOULDING KETTLES. 59 MOULDING KETTLES WITH A DKY SAND COPEAND GREEN SAND BOTTOM. Ordinary kettles are usually made in loam, having thebottom cast up.* The engraving shows a plan of caating thebottom down, which will make a sounder kettle, that willlast longer than one cast with the bottom up. The size ofthis kettle was about six feet diameter and three feet outside was swept in the floor with green sand, and theinside was made in dry sand, swept up on the carriage anddried. The cope was made in two sections, and bolted to-gether as shown. The reason for doing this was, that the. prickers were too long to drive and make a good plate ; also,the ring X, formed of two pully patterns, made a stifferplate than one cast flat. * Moulding kettles in loam is described ou p. 149, this book. 60 GKEEI^ SAKD MOULDIKG. In getting up this rigging there are two improvements Imade, and found them to be of vakie. The first was themode of turning the cope over ; and the second, a plan forclosing the cope down true on the bottom. Instead of sweeping a face or seat on the bottom and acorresponding one on the cope, to fit into it, as is usuallydone for such work, and which is shown at B, I had a holecast in the center of the plate, one-quarter of an inch largerthan the size of spindle, and leaving the spindle in its seatH, the cope was lowered down over it, and when within aninch or so of being down to its place, we saw that the spacebetween the joints was alike all around. Just before thetwo joints touched each other, we saw that the spindle wasin the c
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