. Bernice P. Bishop Museum bulletin. Natural history; Ethnology; Botany. Gifford—Tongan Place Names 23 graphic propinquity. Actually Haapai and Vavau have only 86 names ex- clusively in common, while Haapai and Tongatabu have 193, and Tonga- tabu and Vavau 212. The evidence seems to point to some disturbing historical factor, perhaps intermittent hostility such as was rife between Haapai and Vavau during Mariner's sojourn in Tonga. The situation revealed by the distribution of Tongan place names is roughly shown by the accompanying diagram which is based on the assumption that the principal di
. Bernice P. Bishop Museum bulletin. Natural history; Ethnology; Botany. Gifford—Tongan Place Names 23 graphic propinquity. Actually Haapai and Vavau have only 86 names ex- clusively in common, while Haapai and Tongatabu have 193, and Tonga- tabu and Vavau 212. The evidence seems to point to some disturbing historical factor, perhaps intermittent hostility such as was rife between Haapai and Vavau during Mariner's sojourn in Tonga. The situation revealed by the distribution of Tongan place names is roughly shown by the accompanying diagram which is based on the assumption that the principal diffusion has been from the large groups to the small ones. Numerous minor diffusions have doubtless taken place, many of them being reciprocated—that is, for example, not only have names flowed outward from Tongatabu, but they have likewise flowed inward to Tongatabu. Niuatoputapu, Niuafoou. -" '. IbngatdbiP The diagram, and in fact this whole discussion, tacitly assumes a pri- macy for Tongatabu, not only politically, but also in length of period of human occupation. In regard to this last point I should like to state that kitchen middens several feet in depth are to be found in a number of places in the Tongatabu group. With the exception of a thin surface of blackened soil with scattered shell, which I observed on Euakafa island in the Vavau group, I failed to find either in Haapai or Vavau any evidences of prolonged occupancy comparable with those in Tongatabu. Of course, the Tongatabu shell heaps may be interpreted as indicating a denser popu- lation, but it would be rash to entirely cast aside the theory of longer occupancy. Quite likely the magnitude of the shell heaps is due to both factors, longer occupancy and denser population. SAMO.\N PLACE NAMES IN TONGA Five hundred and sixteen place names mentioned by Kramer'^ have been examined for Tongan parallels. One hundred and one of the Samoan 19 Kramer, Augustin, Die Samoa-Iiiseln, Stuttgart, 1902, Please n
Size: 1452px × 1720px
Photo credit: © Library Book Collection / Alamy / Afripics
License: Licensed
Model Released: No
Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1920, booksubjectbotany, bookyear1922
