. All the Russias; travels and studies in contemporary European Russia, Finland, Siberia, the Caucasus, & Central Asia. it. And when he wishes tocelebrate some domestic festival, and like King Olafs guests, to* feast late and long, he has to get a special police permit forenough spirits to entertain his neighbours and drink Skaal tothe Northland, skaal like his forebears, the vikings and the* hoary skalds. Except for this law the savings bank of Suomiwould tell a different and a sorrier tale. The law-makers of Finland have also been strikingly wise inall that relates to education. It is a land
. All the Russias; travels and studies in contemporary European Russia, Finland, Siberia, the Caucasus, & Central Asia. it. And when he wishes tocelebrate some domestic festival, and like King Olafs guests, to* feast late and long, he has to get a special police permit forenough spirits to entertain his neighbours and drink Skaal tothe Northland, skaal like his forebears, the vikings and the* hoary skalds. Except for this law the savings bank of Suomiwould tell a different and a sorrier tale. The law-makers of Finland have also been strikingly wise inall that relates to education. It is a land of schools. Exceptupon the eastern frontier, where the people are still backward,everybody can read and write. The total population in 1890 was2,380,140, and so far as I can calculate, no fewer than 540,412souls were attending school. That is, out of every hundred ofthe entire population, something like twenty-three were actuallyat school. This seems an extraordinary record, taking all thingsinto consideration. There are 2608 university students, includ-ing women ; 4723 are at the lycees ; private schools educate. FINXISH AGRICULTURE— THE WOODS FOR A SEED-BED THE FINNS AND THEIR NEIGHBOURS 83 7785; primary schools contain 413,867; urban popularschools give instruction to 25,931; and rural popular schoolsto 72,991; normal schools are preparing 1881 teachers, the sexesbeing of about equal number; and private schools receiving asubvention from the State have 7785 children. With such afoundation, one is no longer surprised to read the long list oflearned societies which flourish here—literary, philological,juridical, medical and scientific. One of these, the Society ofFinnish Literature, is laying the world under obligations by thewealth of folk-song it has discoveied and preserved. So long agoas 1889 it had a collection of 22,000 epic, lyric, and magic songs,13,000 legends, 40,000 proverbs, 10,000 enigmas, 2000 runes,and 20,000 incantation formulas. I find in my note-
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