. Bulletin. Agriculture. Fig. ".—How to cut off a large limb. no circumstances should the rotted fruits be allowed to remain lying on the ground under the trees through the winter. Dried apples on the trees should be picked and burned as soon after the fall of the leaves as possible. Where the bitter rot appears in an orchard at isolated points it will oftentimes pay to watch the trees where the trouble first shows itself and to pick every fruit showing the slightest sign of disease. In that way the chance of having the disease spread to adjoin- ing trees will be materially lessened. REMO
. Bulletin. Agriculture. Fig. ".—How to cut off a large limb. no circumstances should the rotted fruits be allowed to remain lying on the ground under the trees through the winter. Dried apples on the trees should be picked and burned as soon after the fall of the leaves as possible. Where the bitter rot appears in an orchard at isolated points it will oftentimes pay to watch the trees where the trouble first shows itself and to pick every fruit showing the slightest sign of disease. In that way the chance of having the disease spread to adjoin- ing trees will be materially lessened. REMOVAL OF LIMB CANKERS. It seems well established now that one of the principal sources of infection of the ripen- ing apples is to be found in the cankers on apple limbs. These cankers should accord- ingly be removed and burned wherever they are found, no matter where the affected limb may be. It is often a difficult matter to find these cankers on large trees, and a good deal of patience is necessary to locate them. In cutting out the cankers the whole limb should be sawed off some distance below the cankers. Where the branch is a large one the diseased portion may be cut out without cutting off the entire limb. The best time for cutting out the cankers is during the late fall and dur- ing the winter. The cankers can be located most readily when there are no leaves on the trees. In cutting off limbs which have cankers on them, the same rules which hold for pruning branches should be observed. Small branches may be cut off with a saw at one cut. Two cuts should be made for larger branches, the first one on the under side, the second on the upper side, so as to prevent tearing off large areas of bark. (See figs. 7 and 8.) All cut surfaces should be carefully trimmed, and after that they should be coated with some antiseptic substance, such as white lead paint or ordinary coal tar. The coal tar should be applied with a brush, and if too thick, it may be warmed. It is believed tha
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