. The life of the Greeks and Romans. Fig. 69. before the time of the Makedonians; but in Akarnania there arefound, in old polygonal fortifications, gates, the outer walla of F. 66 TOWER-STRUCTURES.—TOWER AT AKTOR. which show a vault, while the inside part is still covered by hori-zontal pieces of stone (see Fig. 69). 19. The description of the gates leads us to that of the towers,which were almost universally used to increase the firmness anddefensive conveniences of the walls. The gates naturally requireda great deal of protection, and by this means, as Curtius haspointed out, the art of fort
. The life of the Greeks and Romans. Fig. 69. before the time of the Makedonians; but in Akarnania there arefound, in old polygonal fortifications, gates, the outer walla of F. 66 TOWER-STRUCTURES.—TOWER AT AKTOR. which show a vault, while the inside part is still covered by hori-zontal pieces of stone (see Fig. 69). 19. The description of the gates leads us to that of the towers,which were almost universally used to increase the firmness anddefensive conveniences of the walls. The gates naturally requireda great deal of protection, and by this means, as Curtius haspointed out, the art of fortification itself was considerably deve-loped. It seems, indeed, that the tower itself was only a develop-ment of the projection of the wall which is usually found to the rightof the gate, as a favourable point of attack on the storming simplest form seems to have consisted of a mere juttingout of the wall, repeated at certain intervals,by means of which the besieged could directtheir defence to different points easier thanwould have been possible from a straightwall. Such tower-like projections we find inthe old Pelasgic walls of Phigalia, in Arkadia(Fig. 7
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