. The outline of history : being a plain history of life and mankind. t this time in the imperial librarywas increased, we are told, to 54,000. Thedawn of the seventh century saw the begin-ning of the great Tang dynasty, which was toendure for three centuries. The renascence of China that beganwith Suy and culminated in Tang was, insists, a real new birth. The spirit,he writes, was a new one ; it marked theTang civilization with entirely distinctivefeatures. Four main factors had beenbrought together and fused : (1) Chineseliberal culture ; (2) Chinese classicism ; (3)Indian Buddhism; an
. The outline of history : being a plain history of life and mankind. t this time in the imperial librarywas increased, we are told, to 54,000. Thedawn of the seventh century saw the begin-ning of the great Tang dynasty, which was toendure for three centuries. The renascence of China that beganwith Suy and culminated in Tang was, insists, a real new birth. The spirit,he writes, was a new one ; it marked theTang civilization with entirely distinctivefeatures. Four main factors had beenbrought together and fused : (1) Chineseliberal culture ; (2) Chinese classicism ; (3)Indian Buddhism; and (4) Northern bra-very. A new China had come into provincial system, the central admin-istration and the military organization of theTang dynasty, were quite different fromthose of their predecessors. The arts hadbeen much influenced and revivitied bjIndian and Central Asiatic influences. Theliterature was no mere continuation of theold ; it was a new production. The religious [5iapcTTiiTO09oi—TVieRotriaivHnptrc at ib? grcafcstrcarterct, vmoksc InMan-J. 312 THE OUTLINE OF HISTORY and philosophical schools of Buddhism werefresh features. It was a period of substantialchange. It may be interesting to compare thismaking of China with the fate of the RomanEmpire in her later days. As the Romanworld was divided into the eastern andwestern halves, so was the Chinese worldinto the southern and the northern. Thebarbarians in the case of Rome and in thecase of China made similar invasions. Theyestablished dominions of a similar empire corresponded to thatof the Siberian dynasty (Later Wei), thetemporary recovery of the Western empireby Justinian corresponded to the temporaryrecovery of the north by Liu Yu. TheByzantine line corresponded to the southerndynasties. But from this point the twoworlds diverged. China recovered herunity ; Europe has still to do so. The dominions of the emperor Tai-tsung(627), the second Tang monarch, extendedsouthward into Annam
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