. Collected reprints / Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratories [and] Pacific Oceanographic Laboratories. Oceanography 10 5 d. 5. mg m~3 xlCT'nn-'sr-1 GULF STREAM Chl-aC13mg m-J yS i *"sr-' COASTAL Chi a m-' /3 ;V'sr-' I I 400 500 600 700 WAVELENGTH 800 900 (nm) Fig. 10. the Gulf surface i Upwelling spectral irradiance as measured in three types ofwatei masses in of Mexico; the shift toward the red end of the spectrum is due to increased hlorophyll a iNOAA Environmental Research Laboratories). perature and heat transport \Ga
. Collected reprints / Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratories [and] Pacific Oceanographic Laboratories. Oceanography 10 5 d. 5. mg m~3 xlCT'nn-'sr-1 GULF STREAM Chl-aC13mg m-J yS i *"sr-' COASTAL Chi a m-' /3 ;V'sr-' I I 400 500 600 700 WAVELENGTH 800 900 (nm) Fig. 10. the Gulf surface i Upwelling spectral irradiance as measured in three types ofwatei masses in of Mexico; the shift toward the red end of the spectrum is due to increased hlorophyll a iNOAA Environmental Research Laboratories). perature and heat transport \Gates and Mintz, 1975; Stommel, 1974; NACOA, 19741. The five GOES-type synchronous satellites appear capa- ble of delivering the temperature data over mid-latitude regions with the required accuracy of ±°C rel- ative, if special processing is under- taken. Over polar regions the Tiros- N series is more suitable. Programs for optimal extraction of the global temperature fields, averaged over approximately 100 x 100 km- areas and several days, are in the embryonic stages. Water Mass Properties Variations in the physical or chemical composition of a water mass lead to variations in its color or reflectivity, for example. These changes can be natural or man- made; in either case they tend to be more pronounced near continents. The color is determined primarily by molecular scattering and secon- darily by nutrients, chlorophyll a in plankton and algaes, suspended sediment load, pollutants, and, TABLE 3. Summary of Sensors and Observables Imaging Radiometers Short Pulse Imaging Observables Visible Thermal IR Microwave Altimeter Radar Chlorophyll and algaes Current position 1 2 1 1 1 1 Current speed Estuarine circulation Fog Ice cover 1 1 2 1 1 1 3 1 Icebergs Internal waves - 1 1 Marine geoid Oil spills - - 1 1 Pollutant identification Salinitv - 3 • - Sea state and swell Sediment transport Setup 2 1 - 2 1 1 1 Shallow water bathymetrv 1 - - - Storm surges Surface winds 3 3 3 1 1
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