A treatise on architecture and building construction . otion, aided by downward pressure. A close pile is one set close to another when the pilealready driven shows signs of weakness. A false pile, or folloAver, is an additional length addedto a pile for deeper driving. Fig. 28shows the manner of connecting the firstpile driven and the follower; a is the firstpile, b is the follower, and c is a dowel topreserve the alinement of the two piles. ^At d^ d are vshown wrought-iron straps,made usually of 2Xix20 iron, to bindthe two piles together. A gaiiye pile is a preliminary piledriven to mark the
A treatise on architecture and building construction . otion, aided by downward pressure. A close pile is one set close to another when the pilealready driven shows signs of weakness. A false pile, or folloAver, is an additional length addedto a pile for deeper driving. Fig. 28shows the manner of connecting the firstpile driven and the follower; a is the firstpile, b is the follower, and c is a dowel topreserve the alinement of the two piles. ^At d^ d are vshown wrought-iron straps,made usually of 2Xix20 iron, to bindthe two piles together. A gaiiye pile is a preliminary piledriven to mark the desired course. A fllling; jiile is one put in between fig. 28. gauge piles. A guide pile is one driven to mark the limit of the fieldof operation. A sheet pile is a flat timber driven in the ground, asdescribed in Art. 25. A wale is a horizontal string piece to bind the pilestogether. Pile lioops are bands around the tops to prevent splitting. Test piles are the first piles driven to test the bottom,and should not be less than G inches in CRIBS FOR CAISSONS. 88. Formerly, caissons were used exclusively for thefoundations of bridge piers, but the advent of steel skeletonconstruction, and consequent erection of very lofty build-ings, have caused caissons to be used for building founda-tions. 46 MASONRY. § 7 89. A caisson is a chamber of iron or wood that is usedin the construction of deep foundations. There are two different methods of reaching the requiredfoundation. First, when the desired depth is reached by excavatingthe material from the interior of a large timber or iron box,or cylinder, strongly constructed for the purpose, and thenforcing the structure to sink against the exterior friction onits sides, by sufficient weights or loads placed in the caisson,until the required depth is reached. Structures of this kindare called opoi caissons or open C7ibs. The second method is used when the foundations are tobe carried to a great depth in veiy soft material or i
Size: 1258px × 1987px
Photo credit: © The Reading Room / Alamy / Afripics
License: Licensed
Model Released: No
Keywords: ., bo, bookcentury1800, booksubjectarchitecture, booksubjectbuilding
