. California fruits and how to grow them. Fruit culture. How to Grow Them 247 Second Year removed, and the cane tied firmly to the top of the stake. Another tie is made about half-way down the stake. The lower tie need not be very tig-ht, and in any case the tying material should not be passed completely around the cane, except above the top bud, or the vine will be strangled when it commences to grow (see Fig. 2, a). Any kind of string or twine, sufficiently strong to withstand the .pressure of the growing vine in a heavy wind, may be used. Binding twine, or a single strand of will be necessa
. California fruits and how to grow them. Fruit culture. How to Grow Them 247 Second Year removed, and the cane tied firmly to the top of the stake. Another tie is made about half-way down the stake. The lower tie need not be very tig-ht, and in any case the tying material should not be passed completely around the cane, except above the top bud, or the vine will be strangled when it commences to grow (see Fig. 2, a). Any kind of string or twine, sufficiently strong to withstand the .pressure of the growing vine in a heavy wind, may be used. Binding twine, or a single strand of will be necessary to go over the vineyard four or five times to do the suckering, topping, and tying which are necessary. The shoots starting from the vines which have been cut back to two buds should be thinned to a single one. This thinning should be done as soon as possible in such a way that it is never necessary to remove a shoot more than 3 or 4 inches long (see Fig. i, b). If the thinning is deferred until the shoots are a foot or more long the vine will be weak-. Fig. 2. Treatment of average vine during the third season, or of a vigorous vine during the second. vine pruned to one cane and lied to stake. Removal of sucker (S) and lower shoots (W) vine in summer at time of pinctiing. good baling rope, is suitable. No. 16 or 17 galvanized wire is preferred by some and is better than string, if care is taken to remove the bottom ties the following year before they strangle the vine. Wire is a little more ex- pensive and takes a little longer to put on than string, but holds the vines better and can be used for several years. SECOND YEAR. Summer Pruning.—The treatment during the second and third spring and summer is of great importance to the future welfare of the vine. A little judicious care at this period will avert manv troubles in later vears. It ened by the removal of so much foliage. If the thinning can not be done early, it is better not to do it at all. The object of this thinni
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