Lateral curvature of the spine and round shoulders . n of this is obvious without extended active or passive exercises are given which are intended to takeeffect upon the spine alone and to be effective there, the pelvis mustbe fixed. If this is not done, part of the muscular force is used indisplacing the pelvis to the opposite side to balance the body, andthe movement becomes a general and not a spinal one. ^R. W. Lovett: Bos. Med. and Surg. Jour., June 4, 1900, Oct. 31, 1901,Mar. 17, 1904, Sept. 28, 1905; Amer. Jour, of Anat., ii, 4, 457. 29 30 THE MOVEMENTS OF THE SPINE I. FLEXI
Lateral curvature of the spine and round shoulders . n of this is obvious without extended active or passive exercises are given which are intended to takeeffect upon the spine alone and to be effective there, the pelvis mustbe fixed. If this is not done, part of the muscular force is used indisplacing the pelvis to the opposite side to balance the body, andthe movement becomes a general and not a spinal one. ^R. W. Lovett: Bos. Med. and Surg. Jour., June 4, 1900, Oct. 31, 1901,Mar. 17, 1904, Sept. 28, 1905; Amer. Jour, of Anat., ii, 4, 457. 29 30 THE MOVEMENTS OF THE SPINE I. FLEXION (FORWARD BENDING) Is a pure antero-posterior movement without perceptible rotation. It is themost evenly distributed of the spinal movements, and in extreme flexion the out-line of the tips of the spinous processes forms a curve approaching the arc of acircle. Most of the movement is accomplished in the lumbar region, which inextreme flexion loses most of its forward convexity, but in adult observationswas not observed to become convex Fig. 19.—Flexion of the Spine in the Model. The dorsal region in extreme flexion becomes decidedly more convex than inthe upright position. The twelfth dorsal vertebra takes part in flexion more as alumbar than as a dorsal vertebra, and free movement occurs below it and fairlyfree movement between the eleventh and twelfth vertebra. The cervical region cannot be accurately observed or measured in the the cadaver it dries so rapidly that no conclusions can be drawn beyond thestatement that its forward convexity may be obliterated by forcible flexion withthe hands. FLEXION 31 The most marked flexion of the spine may be obtained by having the modelsit cross-legged and bend forward with the chest between the knees. Extremepassive flexion with the model lying on the side is not so great as that obtained byflexion in the cross-legged position. In flexion the distance of the seventh cervical vertebra from the sacrum whenmeasured
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