. American engineer and railroad journal . ured casting bebroken, the mottled appearance of the fracture will plainlyshow the segregation which has taken place. In fact, withbronzes in general the appearance of a freshly made fracturefurnishes an excellent medium for judging the qualities andproperties of the alloys. Methods of Introducing Phosphorus. The methods of introducing phosphorus Into a bronze arequite numerous, but the following are three most commonlyused: 1st. By adding stick phosphorus direct into the crucibleof molten bronze. 2d. By adding to the other bronze consti-tuents, phosp
. American engineer and railroad journal . ured casting bebroken, the mottled appearance of the fracture will plainlyshow the segregation which has taken place. In fact, withbronzes in general the appearance of a freshly made fracturefurnishes an excellent medium for judging the qualities andproperties of the alloys. Methods of Introducing Phosphorus. The methods of introducing phosphorus Into a bronze arequite numerous, but the following are three most commonlyused: 1st. By adding stick phosphorus direct into the crucibleof molten bronze. 2d. By adding to the other bronze consti-tuents, phosphor-tin consisting of about 95 per cent, tin and 5per cent, phosphorus. 3d. By adding phosphor-copper con-sisting of from 5 per cent, to 7 per cent, phosphorus, the bal-ance being copper. Our attention will be confined chiefly to the last mentionedmethod and to a detai led description of the preparation of the phos-phor copper. Phosphor copper is frequently made containing8 or10 per cent, of tin, and in such cases the material is known to. May, 1890. AMERICAN ENGINEER AND RAll^ROAJJ 149 the trade as hardener or hardening. The reason that tinIs made a constituent of hardener is, that in the case a bronzecontains tin and copper, say, in the proportion of 1 to 8, thehardener also containing tin and copper in the same proportionmay be added to the bronze in any desired quantity withoutdisturbing the relative proportions of the constituent ma-terials. The Manufacture of Hardener. Fig. 1 shows the appliances necessary for the manufactureof the hardener as follows: 1. An ordinary graphite cru-cible such as is used in melting of brass and bronze. cup-shaped graphite phosphorizer. 3. Same as 2, withoutthe iron handle. It is here photographed to show more clear-ly its form. 4. A 3-galIon earthenware jar for holding copper sul-phate solution. 5. A galvanized iron pan 6 inches deep. Sus-pended across the pan near the top is a heavy wire netting—the pan is provided with a hi
Size: 962px × 2597px
Photo credit: © Reading Room 2020 / Alamy / Afripics
License: Licensed
Model Released: No
Keywords: ., bookcentury1800, bookdecade1890, booksubjectrailroadengineering
