Campaigns of the Army of the Potomac [electronic resource]: a critical history of operations in Virginia, Maryland and Pennsylvania, from the commencement to the close of the war 1861-5 . nown to both the opposing commanders ; and I shallin the next chapter relate how, contrary to the expectations ofeach, the action was precipitated. VI. GETTYSBURG—FIRST DAY. On the morning of Wednesday, the 1st of July, the twoConfederate columns continued their march towards (lettys-burg ; and Buford, holding position on the Chambersburgroad, by Avhieh Hill and Longstreet were advancing, suddenlyfound himsel
Campaigns of the Army of the Potomac [electronic resource]: a critical history of operations in Virginia, Maryland and Pennsylvania, from the commencement to the close of the war 1861-5 . nown to both the opposing commanders ; and I shallin the next chapter relate how, contrary to the expectations ofeach, the action was precipitated. VI. GETTYSBURG—FIRST DAY. On the morning of Wednesday, the 1st of July, the twoConfederate columns continued their march towards (lettys-burg ; and Buford, holding position on the Chambersburgroad, by Avhieh Hill and Longstreet were advancing, suddenlyfound himself engaged, a little past nine in the morning, withHills van, about a mile west of the town. As he knew thatReynolds was moving up to join him, he made dispositions toretard the enemy, holding back Hills column hv skilful de-ployments and tlie use of his horse-artillery Reynolds, who(with his own First ( \>rps and the Kleventh Corps, under Gen-eral Howard) was then in rmilc from his place of bivouac atMarsh Creek, hearing Bufords guns, pressed fonvard with allhaste At ten oclock he came upon the held with the leadingdivision of the First Corps, under General AYadsworth. AVhilo. THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN. 329 jet forming line, Wadsworths troops were assailed ; and theyhad to be thrown quickly into battle array under fire. Looking westward from Gettysburg the horizon of vision isbounded at a distance of ten miles by the mountain rangeknown as the South Mountain, which running north andsouth forms the eastern wall of the Cumberland Yalley. Whenthe force which folded and raised up the strata that form theSouth Mountain was in action, it produced fissures in thestrata of red shale which cover the surface of this region ofcountry, permitting the fused material from beneath to riseand fill them on cooling with trap-cbykes or greenstone andsyenitic greenstone. The rock, being for the most part veryhard, remained as the axes and crests of hills and ridgeswhen the softer shale in the i
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