. Predators and Scavengers Hazing activities directed at moving bison into capture facilities or inside the SMA boundary might disturb and displace predator and scavenger species using those areas. Hazing would likely be infrequent, however, and displacement and stress would be local and temporary and have only minor effects on those populations. Shooting activities could provide an additional food source (gut piles) for scavengers in areas where such food was not previously available. However, this would not likely represent a significant addition to the food supply for these animals, and the
. Predators and Scavengers Hazing activities directed at moving bison into capture facilities or inside the SMA boundary might disturb and displace predator and scavenger species using those areas. Hazing would likely be infrequent, however, and displacement and stress would be local and temporary and have only minor effects on those populations. Shooting activities could provide an additional food source (gut piles) for scavengers in areas where such food was not previously available. However, this would not likely represent a significant addition to the food supply for these animals, and therefore would not have more than a negligible impact on scavenger populations. Measures requiring removal of gut piles or carcasses from areas near human habitation might prevent conflicts between humans and scavengers using the additional food source. IMPACTS OF ALTERNATIVE 1: NO ACTION Analysis Ungulates. Elk and other ungulates could be captured unintentionally in temporary enclosures designed to hold bison. Some animals might be unable to escape the enclosures on their own. Animals unable to escape would be separated from the bison and released. Although unlikely, bison could physically injure other ungulates that are captured with bison in the capture facilities. The additional stress might affect individual ungulates, but this should not significantly affect ungulate populations using winter range in the Stephens Creek and West Yellowstone areas. Capture operations and associated capture facilities and wing fences would occur on critical pronghorn winter range in the Stephens Creek area. Pronghorn winter range is restricted to approximately 7,000 (7,168) acres (Houston 1982) in south end of the Gardiner Valley, west of the Yellowstone River. Wing fences and increased human activity might cause displace- ment of pronghorn from a portion of their winter range, and increase stress on animals. Caslick and Caslick (1997) reported that pronghorn avoided the area within about xh
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