. Railway and locomotive engineering : a practical journal of railway motive power and rolling stock . arcoal iron is thematerial principally used in making tubifor locomotives, but Mr. Speller admittedthat the charcoal iron tube is a thing ofthe past and that the modern tube is madeof steel. Bessemer steel had been i mployed in tube making, but it was foundto be too brittle under severe kinds of easily safe ended, and this point has re-d a great deal of study, especiallyin the manufacture of lap welded tubeswhere it is, of course, one of the firstessentials to manufacture. Charcoal ironcarrie


. Railway and locomotive engineering : a practical journal of railway motive power and rolling stock . arcoal iron is thematerial principally used in making tubifor locomotives, but Mr. Speller admittedthat the charcoal iron tube is a thing ofthe past and that the modern tube is madeof steel. Bessemer steel had been i mployed in tube making, but it was foundto be too brittle under severe kinds of easily safe ended, and this point has re-d a great deal of study, especiallyin the manufacture of lap welded tubeswhere it is, of course, one of the firstessentials to manufacture. Charcoal ironcarries considerably more impurities thansoft open hearth steel, and these impuri-ties form a self-fluxing mixture whichfacilitates welding. Railroad specifica-tions have been so tightly drawn on com-position in some cases as to work againstthe production of a good quality of steel■ locomotive b es by calling for unnecessarily low phosphorus and is now very good reason to thinkthat a mistake has been made in thisdirection and that the general weldingquality of the steel would be much im-. RAILWAV CLUB OF PITTSBURGH ON A VISIT TO THE ELWOOD CITY PLANT OF THE NATIONAL TUBE COMPANY affliction doubly severe for those whosurvived him. Manufacture of Steel Tubes. The April meeting of the PittsburghRailway Club was made notable by a visitto the Elwood City plant of the NationalTube Company, the members and a largenumber of friends having been guests ofthat company. The visit was greatly en-joyed by the visitors, so much interest wasmanifested in the various operations con-nected with the manufacture of seamlesssteel tubes. This is the kind of objectlesson that helps to broaden the minds ofrailroad men concerning articles largelyused in their business. If more of such•visits could be made there would be service and open hearth steel is now thefavorite material. Seamless and lapwelded steel tubes are now made from thesame grade of soft basic open hearthsteel. Tubes ought to


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