. The Eastern Bering Sea Shelf : oceanography and resources / edited by Donald W. Hood and John A. Calder . Figure 6-4. Horizontal distribution of the mean vertical density gradient in sigma-t units/m for the upper 15 m of the water column during July 1977, obtained by vertically averaging, from the surface to 15 m, gradients computed for 1-m increments. Dotted line defining shoal area is schematic only. sampling artifact, as measurements were obtained closer to shore at that time than during other cruises and probably penetrated farther into the Yukon River plume. The maximum observed tempera
. The Eastern Bering Sea Shelf : oceanography and resources / edited by Donald W. Hood and John A. Calder . Figure 6-4. Horizontal distribution of the mean vertical density gradient in sigma-t units/m for the upper 15 m of the water column during July 1977, obtained by vertically averaging, from the surface to 15 m, gradients computed for 1-m increments. Dotted line defining shoal area is schematic only. sampling artifact, as measurements were obtained closer to shore at that time than during other cruises and probably penetrated farther into the Yukon River plume. The maximum observed temperatures (>16 C) occurred in the northeastern sound during August 1977. The horizontal range of temperatures within the upper layer during September 1976 was only about 1 C, in sharp contrast to stronger gradients observed in the 1977 summer data. The lower layer in the eastern and northeastern sound was characterized during summer 1976 and 1977 by particularly cold, saline water. The coldest (34°/oo) water observed was present in July 1977, whereas by August tempera- tures had increased to 2-3 C, salinities had decreased to 32-33°/oo and the locus of maximum salinity had shifted somewhat westward. As for the surface layers, bottom-layer salinities were lowest off the Yukon River mouth. A band of relatively low-salinity (22-23°/oo) water paralleled the northern coast of the sound in September 1976 and August 1977 and appeared to be a westerly extension of warm, low-salinity water then occupying the upper layer in the northeastern sound.
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