. Guidebook for the identification of woods used for ties and timbers . the appearance of being more numerous. Pith Becks com-mon. SILVER MAPLE, p. 51. RED MAPLE, p. .V.\BB. Color deep reddish brown. Springwood slightly more porous than narrow. Pith Hecks common. Wood moderately heavy. BLACK CHERRY, 3. Rays comparatively fine, narrower than the largest pores. AA. Pores visible without a lens. (a) Pores comparatively large and conspicuous without a lens, decreasing in sizetoward the outer limit of each annual ring; not crowded. Fine tangentiallines of parenchyma often vi
. Guidebook for the identification of woods used for ties and timbers . the appearance of being more numerous. Pith Becks com-mon. SILVER MAPLE, p. 51. RED MAPLE, p. .V.\BB. Color deep reddish brown. Springwood slightly more porous than narrow. Pith Hecks common. Wood moderately heavy. BLACK CHERRY, 3. Rays comparatively fine, narrower than the largest pores. AA. Pores visible without a lens. (a) Pores comparatively large and conspicuous without a lens, decreasing in sizetoward the outer limit of each annual ring; not crowded. Fine tangentiallines of parenchyma often visible between the pores. (aa) Sapwood wide, usually over 3 inches in ties. (Pores often in a more orless well-defined zone in the springwood, therefore also classed asring-porous woods.) (a3) Heartwood black or brownish black. Rays in tiers, appearingon the tangential surface as fine bands ninning across the grain. Wood very, very heavy PERSIMMON, \<. is. (b3) Heartwood reddish brown. Rays not in tiers. Wood heavy. WATER HICKORY, p. 32 IDKNTIFICATIOX OF IDENTIFICATION OF WOODS. 33 (bb) Sapwood narrow, mostly under 2 inches in ties; white or discolored;heartwood brown.(a3) Wood heavy and hard. Heartwood chocolate brown. BLACK WALNUT, p. 52.(b3) Wood moderately light and soft. Heartwood light chestnut brown BUTTERNUT, p. 53. (b) Pores smaller, but on careful examination still clearly visible without a lens,at least in the springwood. (aa) Pores not crowded, decreasing little, if any, in size toward the outerlimit of the annual ring. Rays distinct under a lens. Heart-wood pale to moderately deep reddish brown. Wood heavy.(a3) Pith flecks rare. Inner bark has a wintergreen flavor. YELLOW BIRCH, p. BIRCH, p. b3) lith flecks abundant. Inner bark does not have a wintergreen flavor RIVER BIRCH, p. 54. (bb) Pores crowded, decreasing somewhat in size and number toward theouter limit of each annual ring. Rays very fine, barely visible witha lens. Pith flecks o
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