StNicholas [serial] . their goods, andevery year visited the old Italian town calledLanciano, where was held the great fair ofspices, and where merchants came to buy andsell from all countries of Europe, and evenfrom Asia. Here one would be sure to findmany travelers, and to hear many stories ofstrange lands and little known peoples, andhere, no doubt, great impetus was given to re-search in new directions. The Toscanelli family were rich, and owneda great deal of property in Florence, and astreet in the city still bears their name. Thereis, too, a fine old villa, not far away, which be-longed


StNicholas [serial] . their goods, andevery year visited the old Italian town calledLanciano, where was held the great fair ofspices, and where merchants came to buy andsell from all countries of Europe, and evenfrom Asia. Here one would be sure to findmany travelers, and to hear many stories ofstrange lands and little known peoples, andhere, no doubt, great impetus was given to re-search in new directions. The Toscanelli family were rich, and owneda great deal of property in Florence, and astreet in the city still bears their name. Thereis, too, a fine old villa, not far away, which be-longed to them nearly five hundred years they are remembered especially for onefamous representative of their name, and hewas a man whom Americans should hold ingreat regard. Well known and esteemed inhis own day, Paolo Dal Pozzo Toscanelli hasNicholas, from June, 1896, to May, 1897. i9oo. HOW PEPPER HELPED TO DISCOVER AMERICA. 415 almost been forgotten since by the world ingeneral, until comparatively recent ARMS OF THE TOSCANELLI FAMILY. However, in 1871, at the meeting in Antwerpof the Geographical Congress, all the scholars,historians, and scientists present unanimouslyagreed in calling him the inspirer of the dis-covery of America. He died in 1482, tenyears before Columbus touched the shores ofthe New World; but it was by the chart hedrew, and according to his plans, that thegreat Genoese laid his course. Toscanelli lived out the whole of his longlife in Italy, a hard student, a skilful physician,and a remarkable scientist. He was the founderof modern astronomy, and was the first to men-tion some of the comets best known to laterastronomers. His knowledge of mathematicswas profound, and his interest in geographicalresearches intense. There is still, in the Ca-thedral of Florence, the gnomon, or sun-dial,he made, and it has been considered the mostperfect in existence. On the death of his brother, he took theplace almost of a father to his nephews, and,as they car


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Keywords: ., bookauthordodgemar, bookcentury1800, bookdecade1870, bookyear1873