Italy: Gratian (359-383), 67th Roman emperor, from the book Icones imperatorvm romanorvm (Icons of Roman Emperors), Antwerp, c. 1645. Gratian was the son of Emperor Valentinian I by his first wife Marina Severa. Gratian became Augustus in 367, but when his father died in 375 and the army proclaimed his half-brother Valentinian II emperor, Gratian was forced to comply and shared administration of the western provinces with his infant sibling and his stepmother, though power was still held by him in reality.

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Keywords: 1645, 4th, art, arts, augustus, book, caesar, century, drawing, dynasty, emperor, empire, flavius, gratian, gratianus, icon, illustration, italian, italy, monarch, monarchy, roma, roman, rome, ruler, tome, valentinian