. An analytical compendium of the various branches of medical science, for the use and examination of students. Anatomy; Physiology; Surgery; Obstetrics; Medicine; Materia Medica. THE PHARYNX AND OESOPHAGUS. 101 Fig. 82. The superior constrictor muscle ' is quadrilateral, and arising from the pterygoid process of the sphenoid bone, from the upper and lower jaw, the buccinator muscles, and the root of the tongye; is inserted into its fellow behind, and also into the basilar process of the occiput. The stylo-pharyngeus iniiscle^'^ has been described before. The cellular coat is thin, and merely
. An analytical compendium of the various branches of medical science, for the use and examination of students. Anatomy; Physiology; Surgery; Obstetrics; Medicine; Materia Medica. THE PHARYNX AND OESOPHAGUS. 101 Fig. 82. The superior constrictor muscle ' is quadrilateral, and arising from the pterygoid process of the sphenoid bone, from the upper and lower jaw, the buccinator muscles, and the root of the tongye; is inserted into its fellow behind, and also into the basilar process of the occiput. The stylo-pharyngeus iniiscle^'^ has been described before. The cellular coat is thin, and merely serves for a transmission of vessels and nerves, and the connexion of the external and internal coats. The internal or mucous coat is a continuation of that of the mouth, nose, and Eustachian tube, and it is covered by a thin epithelium, and studded with mucous follicles and glands. It is supplied by the pha- ryngeal and palatine arteries, and by the sympathetic, and eighth pair of nerves. Its uses are for deglutition, respiration, and modulation of the voice. The (Esophagus is a canal which conveys the food from the pharynx to the stomach. It is situated in the median line, in front of the vertebral column, and passing through the posterior mediastinum, and inclin- ed somewhat to the left side in its lower part, where it passes through the diaphragm. Its length is about nine or ten inches, and its diameter is not uniform, gradually in- creasing as it descends. Its upper portion is the narrowest part of the alimentary canal, and hence foreign bodies which are too large to pass through the alimentary canal, are generally arrested in the neck; its shape is cylindrical, although its walls when at rest, are in contact, never containing air. It consists of three coats, the ex- ternal of which is muscular, and thicker than any other portion of the canal; it consists of two layers, the 62;^e/-W(2^ longi- tudinal fibres, and the internal of circular fibres. The cellular coa
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