. Handbook of flower pollination : based upon Hermann Mu?ller's work 'The fertilisation of flowers by insects' . Fertilization of plants. ORCHIDEAE 413 2639. E. atrorubens Schult. (= E. rubiginosa Crantz). (Ridley, J. Linn. Soc. Bot., London, xxiv, 1888; Knuth, ' Blutenbiol. Beitrage.')—The flowers of this species are dark purple-red in colour, and possess a vanilla-odour with an accessory fragrance of pinks. Like those of the two preceding species, they possess a cap over the rostellum which can easily be removed by a light pressure from below, as I found from numerous examples on the Dunes o
. Handbook of flower pollination : based upon Hermann Mu?ller's work 'The fertilisation of flowers by insects' . Fertilization of plants. ORCHIDEAE 413 2639. E. atrorubens Schult. (= E. rubiginosa Crantz). (Ridley, J. Linn. Soc. Bot., London, xxiv, 1888; Knuth, ' Blutenbiol. Beitrage.')—The flowers of this species are dark purple-red in colour, and possess a vanilla-odour with an accessory fragrance of pinks. Like those of the two preceding species, they possess a cap over the rostellum which can easily be removed by a light pressure from below, as I found from numerous examples on the Dunes of Usedom. At the time (in 1883), however, I made no further notes; I also observed no visitors then. Ridley states that the plant is autogamous, pollen-tubes growing directly from the pollinia into the stigma. 827. Serapias L. 2640. S. longipetala PoUini. (Delpino, ' Applicaz. d. teor. Darwin.')— Visitors.—Delpino observed bees in Liguria. 2641. S. occultata J. Gay. (Nicotra, Malpighia, Genova, i, 1887, pp. 460-3.) —Nicotra says that this is autogamous, but heterogamy is not excluded. 2642. S. Lingua L.—In this species autogamy is rendered very difficult by the position of the pollinia, as the falling pollen cannot reach the stigma. Both this species and the previous one resemble Epipactis to some extent in their flower mechanism. 828. Listera R. Br. Nectar exposed. 2643. L. ovata R. Br. (Sprengel, 'Entd. Geh.,' pp. 406-11; Darwin, op. cit., p. 115 ; Herm. Miiller, 'Fertlsn.,' p. 295; MacLeod, Bot. Jaarb. Dodonaea, Ghent, iii, 1891, pp. 309-10, V, 1893, pp. 326-8; Kirchner, 'Flora v. Stuttgart,' p. 178.)—. Fig. 382. Lislera ovata. , (after Henn. Miiller). (i) Part of a virgin flower, seen from the side. (2) Flower from the front, after the pollinia have been removed from the anther and the foliate rostellum has bent over and partly covered the stigma (on half the scale of (i)). (3) The pollinia attached to a needle (X 20). (4) A specimen of Grammoptera laevis wi
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