. The American fruit culturist, containing directions for the propagation and culture of all fruits adapted to the United States. Fruit-culture. TRANSPLANTING. 65 the common destruction of the roots in taking them up. Figs. 100 and 102 represent a nursery tree with its roots entire; the dotted lines show where the spade is commonly set for the purpose of lifting; Fig. 98 is the tree after taken up, when more than nine-tenths of the roots are cut off—sometimes it is as badly mutilated as in Fig. 99. Fig. 101 exhibits the same as removed by careful nurserymen. In late years, H new body of advice
. The American fruit culturist, containing directions for the propagation and culture of all fruits adapted to the United States. Fruit-culture. TRANSPLANTING. 65 the common destruction of the roots in taking them up. Figs. 100 and 102 represent a nursery tree with its roots entire; the dotted lines show where the spade is commonly set for the purpose of lifting; Fig. 98 is the tree after taken up, when more than nine-tenths of the roots are cut off—sometimes it is as badly mutilated as in Fig. 99. Fig. 101 exhibits the same as removed by careful nurserymen. In late years, H new body of advice respecting the trimming of transplanted trees has come into vogue. It is the String- fellow or stub-root system. It advises that the roots be cut to mere stubs, and that the tops be cut to sharp sticks or whips. The theory is that trees which are so reduced in bulk approach nearer to the condition of a seedling, and that the re- sulting trees are better. Ex- periments show tke opera- tion to be sometimes good, sometimes not. It depends upon conditions. Probably it cannot be recommended as a general practice. In ordinary or even very careful practice, a part of this wide network of fibres must necessarily be separated from the tree. It is evident then, that the usual supplies of sap to the leaves must be in part cut off. Now the leaves are constantly (dur- ing day) throwing oflE insensible moisture into the air; and good-sized ti-ees thus give off daily many pounds. Reduce the supply from below, and the leaves cannot flourish; and if the reduction is severe, the tree withers and dies. The remedy consists in lessening the number of leaves, so as to correspond with the diminished supply. This may be done by shortening back every shoot of the previous year to one-quarter of its length, and in extreme cases every shoot may be shortened back to one strong bud, just above the pre- vious year's wood. Cutting off large branches at random often quite spoils the shape. Fig. 103 represe
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