. Europe and other continents . ENGLISH A map showing Fig. 131. the coal fields of the British Isles. whose name, in fact, is derived from the close resemblanceof conditions about it to those about Birmingham, Eng-land. None of the British iron ore is far from coal; and THE BRITISH ISLES 185 in places the same shaft is used to bring both coal andiron to the surface. Limestone is also abundant and nearat hand. What suggestions do these facts give concerningthe development of manufactures and the location of largecities ? Besides these minerals, various building stones are exten-sively quarried,
. Europe and other continents . ENGLISH A map showing Fig. 131. the coal fields of the British Isles. whose name, in fact, is derived from the close resemblanceof conditions about it to those about Birmingham, Eng-land. None of the British iron ore is far from coal; and THE BRITISH ISLES 185 in places the same shaft is used to bring both coal andiron to the surface. Limestone is also abundant and nearat hand. What suggestions do these facts give concerningthe development of manufactures and the location of largecities ? Besides these minerals, various building stones are exten-sively quarried, as granite in Scotland, and slate in northern. Fig. castle in Wales, situated on one of the hills of hard rock. Wales. Salt is also found; and there is clay of such excellentquality for earthenware that several towns have become notedfor their potteries, as Trenton and Cincinnati have in theUnited States. The extent of the mining industry in theUnited Kingdom is indicated by the fact that more than halfa million persons are employed there underground. Reasons for Development of Manufacturing. — Consider-ing the abundance of coal and iron ore on the one hand, 186 EUROPE and of wool from the millions of sheep on the other, it isclear that Great Britain is able to manufacture exten-sively. Even in very early times the English wereengaged in the weaving of woollen cloth. Later, owingto numerous wars and to the oppression from rulers onthe continent, England became a refuge for oppressedindustrial people from the mainland, so that such manu-facturing rapidly increased. As in New England, the hilly sections have abundantwater po
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