. Entomology for medical officers. Insect pests; Insects as carriers of disease. 122 ENTOMOLOGY FOR MEDICAL OFFICERS tufts of (cephalothoracic) breathing-threads instead of breath- ing-trumpets. The aquatic larvs of some Chironomidce_ are rapacious. The majority of the blood-sucking Chironomids belong to the Ceratopogonine genera Culicoides, Latreille (with which, according to Williston, (Ecacta, Poey, is synonymous) and Johannseniella, Williston (= Ceratolophus, Kieffer). The species of Culicoides (Fig. 28) are found in all parts of the world; the females bite during the day and at evening, a
. Entomology for medical officers. Insect pests; Insects as carriers of disease. 122 ENTOMOLOGY FOR MEDICAL OFFICERS tufts of (cephalothoracic) breathing-threads instead of breath- ing-trumpets. The aquatic larvs of some Chironomidce_ are rapacious. The majority of the blood-sucking Chironomids belong to the Ceratopogonine genera Culicoides, Latreille (with which, according to Williston, (Ecacta, Poey, is synonymous) and Johannseniella, Williston (= Ceratolophus, Kieffer). The species of Culicoides (Fig. 28) are found in all parts of the world; the females bite during the day and at evening, and in many parts of India—as well, according to Graham, as in. Fig. 28.—CvXicaidzs sp. West Africa—are, by Europeans, popularly (or, rather, unpopularly) known as " sand-flies"—a name which some entomologists apply to the species of Phlebotomus. They are minute midges, generally of a blackish colour (when not full of the red blood of a victim) and having broadish, usually blotched and minutely-hairy wings; the antennae consist of 14 segments, the 4th and 5th longitudinal veins are forked and there are no posterior cross-veins, and the empodia are much shorter than the claws. The larvae are slender and worm-like, and they live in the sap that exudes from injured trees. The species of Culicoides often attack in swarms ; although they are so minute they can bite through a stocking, and their bite is particularly irritating, often. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Alcock, A. (Alfred), 1859-1933. London, Gurney & Jackson
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