India: Arabic calligraphy by Bahadur Shah Zafar (24 October 1775 - 7 November 1862), the last Mughal Emperor (r. 1837-1857), c. 1850. Bahadur Shah II, born Abu Zafar Sirajuddin Muhammad Bahadur Shah Zafar, was last of the Mughal emperors in India, and ruler of the Timurid Dynasty. He was son of Akbar Shah II and Lalbai, who was a Hindu Rajput. He became Mughal Emperor when his father died on 28 September 1837. He was widely known as Bahadur Shah Zafar. Bahadur Shah Zafar was a noted Urdu poet, and wrote a large number of Urdu ghazals.

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