. Bonner zoologische Monographien. Zoology. 22. vertical distance of about 1000 m, with the lower hmit at 3000/3100 m and the upper limit at 4200 m in the drier western part and at 3800 m in the wet eastern part (). Here, too, we can divide the zone into an upper and a lower level: At the lower subalpine level (3000-3600 m) the Himalayan Fir (Abies spectabilis, often re- ferred to as A. densa in E Nepal; ) is the index species (). It often forms pure stands by itself, but it avoids the driest areas in the west and north and is present in the extremely wet areas S and SW of


. Bonner zoologische Monographien. Zoology. 22. vertical distance of about 1000 m, with the lower hmit at 3000/3100 m and the upper limit at 4200 m in the drier western part and at 3800 m in the wet eastern part (). Here, too, we can divide the zone into an upper and a lower level: At the lower subalpine level (3000-3600 m) the Himalayan Fir (Abies spectabilis, often re- ferred to as A. densa in E Nepal; ) is the index species (). It often forms pure stands by itself, but it avoids the driest areas in the west and north and is present in the extremely wet areas S and SW of Kanchenjunga (, 24). To the west of Dhaula- giri A. spectabilis, mixed with Quercus semecarpifolia, grows in sparse, tall stands. At the dry sites these trees are also joined by a tall-growing juniper (Juniperus indica), which reaches heights of 30 m (). In some remote Inner Valleys in C and E Nepal (and fur- ther east also in Sikkim and Bhutan) larches of this size also occur, namely the Himalayan Larch (Larix himalaica) and the Griffiths Larch (L. grijfithiana) (). Isolated occur- rences outside the large Chinese range of this genus extend from Shensi to Yunnan and northern Burma. Both species are native to the Himalayas, and L. himalaica was not dis- covered as a species in its own right until Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Bonn, Zoologisches Forschungsinstitut und Museum Alexander Koenig


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