India: The flight of Sultan Bahadur During Humayun's Campaign in Gujarat (1535). Folio from an Akbarnama (History of Akbar) by Dharmdas (fl. 16th century), c. 1590. Nasir ud-din Muhammad Humayun (7 March 1508 - 22 February 1556) was the second Mughal Emperor who ruled present day Afghanistan, Pakistan, and parts of northern India from 1530-1540 and again from 1555-1556. Like his father, Babur, he lost his kingdom early, but with Persian aid, he eventually regained an even larger one. On the eve of his death in 1556, the Mughal empire spanned almost one million square kilometres.

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