. Collected reprints / Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratories [and] Pacific Oceanographic Laboratories. Oceanography Organic energy: petroleum Areas of offshore petroleum potential conform with convergent plate boundaries around the Pacific (Fig. 5; McKelvey and Wang, 1969). Both the circum-Pacific trenches and the island arcs of the western Pacific create a habitat that is favorable for the accumulation of petroleum in several re- spects. The trenches and island arcs act as barriers that catch sediment and organic matter from the continent and ocean basin. Deep-s
. Collected reprints / Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratories [and] Pacific Oceanographic Laboratories. Oceanography Organic energy: petroleum Areas of offshore petroleum potential conform with convergent plate boundaries around the Pacific (Fig. 5; McKelvey and Wang, 1969). Both the circum-Pacific trenches and the island arcs of the western Pacific create a habitat that is favorable for the accumulation of petroleum in several re- spects. The trenches and island arcs act as barriers that catch sediment and organic matter from the continent and ocean basin. Deep-sea sediment with variable content of organic matter is continuously transported into the trenches on a conveyor belt of spreading sea floor (Sorokhtin et al., 1974). The island arcs divide the ocean basin into marginal basins such as the South China Sea, the East China Sea, the Yellow Sea, the Sea of Japan, the Sea of Okhotsk, and the Bering Sea. The shape of the trenches and marginal basins acts to restrict the circulation of the ocean, so that oxygen is not replenished in the seawater and the organic matter is preserved. Geothermal heat in the trenches and marginal basins may facilitate the conversion of organic matter to petroleum (Fig. 4; Tarling, 1973; La Plante, 1974). Finally, geological structures that develop as a result of deformation of the sediment in the trenches and marginal basins by tectonic forces form traps that favor the accumulation of petroleum. In contrast to the areas of offshore petroleum ORGANIC ENERGY 150° 180* 150" 120* 90° 60" 30* \. PETROLEUM PRODUCING AREAS ONSHORE PETROLEUM POTENTIAL OFFSHORE PETROLEUM POTENTIAL SEDIMENTARY ROCKS %& CRYSTALLINE ROCKS CONVERGENT PLATE BOUNDARY = DIVERGENT PLATE BOUNDARY Fig. 5. Areas of petroleum potential and production of the Pacific region (adapted from Rona and Neuman, 1974, 1975; after McKelvey and Wang, 1969). 64 405. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that ma
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