. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. AMOEBOCYTES OF ACTINIA 449 -i - OS + bacteria ALS + bacteria Incubation time (h) Figure 7. Antibacterial activity of amoebocyte lysate supernatant (ALS) from Actinia equina against Psychrobacter immobilis in vivo. Ten microliters of P. immobilis (stock concentration 1 • 105 ml"') was incubated with 80 ^1 of ALS (stock protein concentration 2 mg ml ') and 10 ^1 of marine broth (MB) at 20°C. For controls, 10 ^1 of the bacteria was incubated with 80^1 of OS and 10 ^1 of MB. After I2hand 24 h. the absorbanc
. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. AMOEBOCYTES OF ACTINIA 449 -i - OS + bacteria ALS + bacteria Incubation time (h) Figure 7. Antibacterial activity of amoebocyte lysate supernatant (ALS) from Actinia equina against Psychrobacter immobilis in vivo. Ten microliters of P. immobilis (stock concentration 1 • 105 ml"') was incubated with 80 ^1 of ALS (stock protein concentration 2 mg ml ') and 10 ^1 of marine broth (MB) at 20°C. For controls, 10 ^1 of the bacteria was incubated with 80^1 of OS and 10 ^1 of MB. After I2hand 24 h. the absorbances were read at 570 nm. Values given are means ± SE, n - 5. Differences between the control and experimental values are significant at the 1% level. 1974; Willmer, 1991), although these cells are thought to participate in nutrient storage, transport, and digestion (Chapman and Pardy, 1972; Van-Praet, 1985; Shick, 1991). Crucially, Young (1974) has proposed that they are important in wound repair and migrate to sites of injury from a reservoir in the endodermal mesenteries. Our light microscopical observations of the mesenteric filament cells of A. equina agree with descriptions of amoebocytes in the mesoglea of other anthozoan species (Westfall, 1966; Singer, 1971; Chapman, 1974; Bigger and Hildemann, 1982). We show, unequivocally, that the hyaline amoebocytes, at least, are capable of phago- cytosis, thus confirming their potential to sequester and inactivate foreign material from the endoderm. The finding that the mesenteric filament amoebocytes in A. equina also exhibit antibacterial activity signifies that they must play a role in host defense, and thus constitute a valuable source of immunocompetent effector cells for in vitro analyses. Interestingly, the presence of two morphological cate- gories of amoebocytes (hyaline and granular cells) noted for A. equina in the present investigation is comparable to the situation in most other invertebrate phyla, in which phagocy
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