. The Canadian field-naturalist. May, 1921. j The Canadian Field-Naturalist. 87 sprouts or whether it has the overgrowth tenden'cy. (It would be interesting to learn what the effect of t^iis extensive continuity of root systems had on the stabilizing of the trees in the gale of last winter (Jan. 1921) which did such exten- sive damage uprooting valuable coniferous timber on tlie coasts of British Columbia, Washington and Oregon). At Rouvray, in Fraiyge, while with the Canadian Forestry Corps, I particularly noted that the graft- age of t,he roots of the Pines (Sylvestris, I think), was very no
. The Canadian field-naturalist. May, 1921. j The Canadian Field-Naturalist. 87 sprouts or whether it has the overgrowth tenden'cy. (It would be interesting to learn what the effect of t^iis extensive continuity of root systems had on the stabilizing of the trees in the gale of last winter (Jan. 1921) which did such exten- sive damage uprooting valuable coniferous timber on tlie coasts of British Columbia, Washington and Oregon). At Rouvray, in Fraiyge, while with the Canadian Forestry Corps, I particularly noted that the graft- age of t,he roots of the Pines (Sylvestris, I think), was very noticeable. (Strangely enough, in one case where the bases of the stems of three pines w^ere united and one tree had been felled some time previouslj^ the stump .showed no signs of vitality or overgrowth.) On the other hand I have seen the roots of coniferous trees inter- mingle without apparent graftage ensu- ing, and one often finds the stump of one Douglas Fir pressed against the stem of a growing tree-but no sign of vi- tality or overgrowth in the stump. From this I judge that contact and pressure will not always be followed by graftage. The cause of natural graftage of roots was con- sidered by Mr. Dallimore to be mainly pressure, and Prof. Newins assigns the cause to pressure and affinity of species combined with other physical factors. In Elwes and Henry the fact that the bark remains alive to an advanced age is said to account for the vitality and consequent overgi-owth of stumps of Silver Fir. The feasibility of utilization of the won- drous creative biological power shown in t^ie continuity of vitality and healing-over of these stumps of coniferous trees does not seem to have ever been contemplated in horticulture or silviculture. Living fence posts can be grown, for they do naturally grow, and it should be easy to ensure the graftage of roots art- ificially. Metal or concrete caps fashioned for ornament or use could be placed on the stumps when cut and these w
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