. Bulletin (Pennsylvania Department of Forestry), no. 11. Forests and forestry. PLATE LIV. CHINQUAPIN. 1. A f1<»\v«'iing hraiicli with leavt'-s, x J. 2. A fruiting Iiniiicli with mature leaves, \ 3. A mit, X I. 4. A winter Itraiicl), x J. 5. A section of winter liranch, enlarged. 127 CHINQUAPIN. Castanea pumila, (Linnaeus) Miller. FORM—A small tree or shrub usually attaining a height of 20-30 ft., but may reach a height of 50 ft. with a diameter of 3 feet. In Pennsylvania seldom exceeds 20 ft. in height and often i& only 3-5 ft. in height. This is the northern limit of its distribution.
. Bulletin (Pennsylvania Department of Forestry), no. 11. Forests and forestry. PLATE LIV. CHINQUAPIN. 1. A f1<»\v«'iing hraiicli with leavt'-s, x J. 2. A fruiting Iiniiicli with mature leaves, \ 3. A mit, X I. 4. A winter Itraiicl), x J. 5. A section of winter liranch, enlarged. 127 CHINQUAPIN. Castanea pumila, (Linnaeus) Miller. FORM—A small tree or shrub usually attaining a height of 20-30 ft., but may reach a height of 50 ft. with a diameter of 3 feet. In Pennsylvania seldom exceeds 20 ft. in height and often i& only 3-5 ft. in height. This is the northern limit of its distribution. Trunk usually short and crown roiaidish. BARK—May attain a thickness of one inch, usually fissured and broken into light reddish- brown loose plate-like scales. On branches and young trunks rather smooth, dark grayish-brown. TWIGS—Slender, at first pale woolly, later pubescent, finally smoother, reddish-brown to dark brown; covered with numerous lenticels. BUDS—Alternate, axillary; terminal bud absent; ovoid, blunt-pointed, about i of an inch long; covered with scurfy red scales. LEAVES—AlternatJ, simple, oblong, thick, firm, straight-veined, sharp-pointed at apex, sharply toothed on margin, yellowish-green and smooth on upper surface, pale green and whitish-downy beneath. LEAF-SCARS—Semi-oval, somewhat raised; with scattered, occasionally clustered, rather inconspicuous bundle-scars. FLOWERS—Appear ip May or June in more or less spreading amenta. Staminate occur in crowded clusters along ament; pistillate at base of upper aments in ovoid, prickly Involucres. FRUIT—Matures in September or October. A bur covered with numerous stiff spines and containing usually 1, seldom 2, ovoid bright brown and sweet nuts with a morb or less hairy apex. WOOD—Ring-porous; with Indistinct medullary rays; hard, strong, brown, durable, rich in tannic acid; splits easily. Weighs abont 28 lbs. per cubic foot. Used for fence posts, rails, and railroad ties. DISTINGUISHINCJ CHARAC
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