The manufacture of rubber goods : a practical handbook for the use of manufacturers, chemists, and others . for runningrubber sheet of the better qualities, which must be as free from air-bubbles as possible. But they also come in for doubling the sheetson the calenders, since it is only with great difficulty that, forexample, a sheet in a pure rubber quality, f mm. thick, can beobtained in long lengths quite free from air-blisters. In that casethe calendering takes the following course : in order, for example,to produce a sheet 1 mm. thick, a sheet J mm. thick is first runas described, and wo
The manufacture of rubber goods : a practical handbook for the use of manufacturers, chemists, and others . for runningrubber sheet of the better qualities, which must be as free from air-bubbles as possible. But they also come in for doubling the sheetson the calenders, since it is only with great difficulty that, forexample, a sheet in a pure rubber quality, f mm. thick, can beobtained in long lengths quite free from air-blisters. In that casethe calendering takes the following course : in order, for example,to produce a sheet 1 mm. thick, a sheet J mm. thick is first runas described, and wound on to the wooden roller. This is thenmounted on the axle of the feeding roller (unwinding apparatus), THE RAW MATERIAL. 53 and the running-cloth, with the «heet of rubber upon it, is passedbetween the two lower rolls and taken up by the winding-upapparatus; the bottom roll is now closed up towards the second,until the second J mm. sheet, now to be run, is pressed tightlyon the first, so as not, however, to form blisters or streaks. Thewhole is then wound up again, as already described, and yields. Fig. 25« a sheet, built up of two layers which cannot be separated fromone another again. In this way the various thicknesses of sheetcan be built up of different numbers of layers according to the useto which the sheet is to be put. For still thinner sheet, down to0*15 mm., the four-roll calenders shown in fior. 24 have to be method of using them is similar to that described for the three-roll calenders, only that one actually works with three rolls anduses the fourth to cool the sheet as it is run out. The two-roll calenders depicted in fig. 25 are chiefly used for 54 RUBBER MANUFACTURE. runnin^^ sheet which is to be cut up for solution, or where uniformtliickness is not of importance. If, however, it be required toproduce on the two-roll calenders, sheet as even in thickness aspossible, for mechanical work, an automatic winding apparatusmust be provided, as shown in
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