The physiology of the circulation in plants : in the lower animals, and in man : being a course of lectures delivered at surgeons' hall to the president, fellows, etc of the Royal college of surgeons of Edinburgh, in the summer of 1872 . esof the first external layer. This remarkable change in the direc-tion of the fibres constituting the several external and internallayers, which is observed to occur in all parts of the ventricularwalls, whether they be viewed anteriorly, posteriorly, or septally,has been partially figured by Senac,1 and imperfectly described byKeid,2 but has not hitherto bee
The physiology of the circulation in plants : in the lower animals, and in man : being a course of lectures delivered at surgeons' hall to the president, fellows, etc of the Royal college of surgeons of Edinburgh, in the summer of 1872 . esof the first external layer. This remarkable change in the direc-tion of the fibres constituting the several external and internallayers, which is observed to occur in all parts of the ventricularwalls, whether they be viewed anteriorly, posteriorly, or septally,has been partially figured by Senac,1 and imperfectly described byKeid,2 but has not hitherto been fully elucidated. It has not hadthat share of attention bestowed upon it which its importancedemands. IV. The fibres composing the external and the internal layersare found at different depths from the surface, and from the fact oftheir pursuing opposite courses cross each other, the fibres of thefirst external and last internal layers crossing with a slight deviationfrom the vertical, as in the letter X ; the succeeding external andinternal layers, until the fourth or central layer, which is transverse,is reached, crossing at successively wider angles, as may be repre-sented by an X placed horizontally (Figs. 98, 99, and 100).. Figs. 98, 99, and 100, wliicli are skeleton drawings copied from photographs of my dissec-tions, illustrate the peculiarities in the direction of the fibres of the left ventricle, which Iregard as the typical one. The solid lines (a) of Fig. 98 represent the external fibres constituting the first layer ; thedotted lines (i) of Fig. 100 representing the corresponding internal fibres forming the seventhlayer. The interrupted lines (b) of Fig. 98 represent the fibres of the second layer, the inter-rupted lines (A) of Fig. 100 the fibres of the sixth or corresponding layer. The dotted lines (c)of Fig. 98 represent the fibres of the third layer, the continuous lines (g) of Fig. 100 the fibresof the fifth or corresponding layer. At d, e of Fig. 99 the fibre
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