. Insect pests of farm, garden and orchard . s not hot enough to killthem at once. By this method large areas of peas have been savedfrom destruction, but it was found that where the soil was moistit would form small clods after cultivation and that the aphideswould merely crawl out from under them. To meet this difficulty Professor Johnson devised a pan intowhich the aphides might be brushed and destroyed. This pan is mod-elled after the hopper-dozers used in the West for catching grass-hoppers, and consists of a long, shallow pan, the width of the dis-tance between the rows and 5 or 6 inches
. Insect pests of farm, garden and orchard . s not hot enough to killthem at once. By this method large areas of peas have been savedfrom destruction, but it was found that where the soil was moistit would form small clods after cultivation and that the aphideswould merely crawl out from under them. To meet this difficulty Professor Johnson devised a pan intowhich the aphides might be brushed and destroyed. This pan is mod-elled after the hopper-dozers used in the West for catching grass-hoppers, and consists of a long, shallow pan, the width of the dis-tance between the rows and 5 or 6 inches deep. A little water is INSECTS INJURIOUS TO BEANS AND PEAS 327 placed in the bottom and covered with a film of kerosene. Thepan is drawn between the rows wdiile a boy on each side brushesthe aphides into it with a branch as shown in Fig, 235. The pansare easily made from galvanized iron and may be operated atsmall cost. Though the above methods will destroy quantities of theaphides and thus prevent the destruction of the crop, they do not. Fig. 235.—Showing the structure of pan and use of it with brushes againstthe pea louse. This field was saved by its use. (After W, G. Johnson.) dislodge the 3oung aphides in the terminals, and therefore cannotbe relied upon to prevent all injury. Practical field tests haveshown that this may be done Ijy spraying with whale-oil soap, 1pound to G gallons of water. In small gardens this may be appliedby means of bucket or knapsack pumps, and on small acreageswith a barrel sprayer with a row-spraying attachment having noz-zles arranged so that the vines will be thoroughly covered fromeach side. The spray must be applied with considerable pressure 328 INSECT PESTS OF FARM, GARDEN AND ORCHARD so as to force it into the terminals. For large fields a New Jerseygrower devised a traction sprayer covering three rows * whichapplied the material at a cost of $ an acre for labor and be effective spraying should be commenced as soon as
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