. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. 164 I. MAIER AND D. G. MULLER. FIGURE 9. for all species. Male gametes of Ectocarpus (left), Laminaria (center), and Fucus (right). Scale bar 20 Chemotaxis in Laminaria Low-magnification video recordings of spermatozoid movement in Laminaria digitata indicate that the attractant source is approached rather directly over distances of at least 1 mm (Figs. 8, 10; Maier, 1984). Such a response requires the cell to probe the chemical gradient and orient its axis correspondingly. It seems possible that the extremely lon
. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. 164 I. MAIER AND D. G. MULLER. FIGURE 9. for all species. Male gametes of Ectocarpus (left), Laminaria (center), and Fucus (right). Scale bar 20 Chemotaxis in Laminaria Low-magnification video recordings of spermatozoid movement in Laminaria digitata indicate that the attractant source is approached rather directly over distances of at least 1 mm (Figs. 8, 10; Maier, 1984). Such a response requires the cell to probe the chemical gradient and orient its axis correspondingly. It seems possible that the extremely long hind flagellum in Laminaria (Fig. 9) acts as a sensor for the chemical gradient along its axis. As in Fucus, however, details of flagellar beat patterns are unknown. Bioassay and threshold concentrations A quantitative assay for gamete chemotaxis has been developed (Miiller, 1976; Fig. 11) to examine the specificity of pheromone recognition systems and to determine the effective concentration ranges of specific pheromones and synthetic analogues. This method allows one to confront male gametes with known pheromone concen- trations under controlled and reproducible conditions. For chemotaxis experiments dilution series of synthetic pheromones are prepared in inert, water-insoluble fluorinated hydrocarbons with high specific gravity (FC-78, FC-72, supplied by 3M Company, Diisseldorf). Synchronous release of male gametes from gametangia in many species can be obtained by natural stimuli such as exposure to light after a dark phase. In many species, gametes can be concentrated by Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Marine Biological Laboratory (Woods Hole, Mass. ); Marine Biological Laboratory (Woods Hole, Mass. ). Annual report 1907/08-1952; Lillie, Frank Rattray, 1870-1947;
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