Vietnam: Deo Nang Toi (1914-2008), 'ruler' of the Tai Federation of Sipsongchuthai (1975-2008) from exile in France - pictured in Hanoi, 1950. During the late 19th century, all the territory stretching from Dien Bien Phu in the south to the Chinese frontier in the north formed an autonomous region called Sipsongchutai, or ‘Twelve Tai Principalities’. It was ruled over by a hereditary White Tai prince from his capital at Lai Chau and paid tribute, at one time or another, to Siam, Vietnam or China, and sometimes to all three.

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Photo credit: © Pictures From History / Alamy / Afripics
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