. Handbook of flower pollination : based upon Hermann Mu?ller's work 'The fertilisation of flowers by insects' . Fertilization of plants. APOCYNACEAE 87. dehisce introrsely. Their margins are hairy, so that the pollen can only fall upon the terminal brush of the disk. Nectar-seeking insects can insert their heads for several millimetres into the corolla tube, as far as the brush, so that a proboscis 8 mm. long is able to reach the nectar. When this is inserted it gets covered with viscid matter, which takes up pollen on withdrawal, and can therefore effect crossing in the next flower visited.
. Handbook of flower pollination : based upon Hermann Mu?ller's work 'The fertilisation of flowers by insects' . Fertilization of plants. APOCYNACEAE 87. dehisce introrsely. Their margins are hairy, so that the pollen can only fall upon the terminal brush of the disk. Nectar-seeking insects can insert their heads for several millimetres into the corolla tube, as far as the brush, so that a proboscis 8 mm. long is able to reach the nectar. When this is inserted it gets covered with viscid matter, which takes up pollen on withdrawal, and can therefore effect crossing in the next flower visited. Auto- matic self-pollination is excluded. Visitors.—Herm. Miiller gives the following list.— A. Diptera. Bombyliidae : 1. Bombylius discolor Mi'k., very common, skg. legitimately; 2. B. major Z., do. B. Hymenoptera. Aptdae: 3. Anthophora pilipes J^. 5 and 5, very common, skg.; 4. Apis melhfica Z. 5. tolerably freq., taking all the nectar from the smaller flowers, and part of it from the larger ones; 5. Bombus agrorum J^. 5, very common, skg.; 6. B. hortorum Z., do.; 7. B. hypnorum Z. §, one, skg. ; 8. B. lapidarius Z. 5, very common, skg.; 9. B. pratorum Z. 5, do. (H. M.; Borgstette, Tecklenburg); 10. B. terrester Z. 5, skg.; 11. B. vestalis Fourcr. §, one, skg.; 12. Osmia fusca Chr. 5, persistently skg.; 13. O. rufa Z. S, skg. C. Thysanoptera. 14. Thrips, freq. The following were recorded by the observers, and for the localities stated.— Sprengel, only Thrips. Knuth (Kiel churchyard, '96), the humble-bee Bombus hortorum Z. 5, occasional, skg., visiting several flowers in succession. Alfken (Bremen), 2 bees—i. Osmia rufa Z. 5 and $; 2. Podalirius acervorum Z. S. (Pola), the bee Andrena deceptoria Schmiedekn. 1861. V. major L. (Sprengel, ' Entd. Geh.,' pp. 136-7 ; Darwin, Gard. Chron., London, 1861, p. 552; Herm. Miiller, ' Fertilisation,' p. 396; Knuth, ' Bloemenbiol. Bijdragen '; Baillon, Bull. soc. linn., Paris, i, 1882.)—The flower mechanism of
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