The new international encyclopaedia . in hexameters, theAfrica, dealing with the undertakings of .ScipioAfricanus, and of moral, historical, and otherscientific treatises, as well as of letters. Allhis Latin compositions are now forgotten, yetmention may be made of the Carmen Jiiicoli-cttm and the Epistolee Metricce, which containmany allusions to events of his time and life,as do also his Letters, for which reference maybe made to Voigt, Die Briefsammlungen Pe-trarkas, in the Abhandliinffen der historischenClasse der hanerischcn Aliademie der Wisscn-sehnftcn, vol, xiii. (JIunich. 1883). Petra
The new international encyclopaedia . in hexameters, theAfrica, dealing with the undertakings of .ScipioAfricanus, and of moral, historical, and otherscientific treatises, as well as of letters. Allhis Latin compositions are now forgotten, yetmention may be made of the Carmen Jiiicoli-cttm and the Epistolee Metricce, which containmany allusions to events of his time and life,as do also his Letters, for which reference maybe made to Voigt, Die Briefsammlungen Pe-trarkas, in the Abhandliinffen der historischenClasse der hanerischcn Aliademie der Wisscn-sehnftcn, vol, xiii. (JIunich. 1883). PetrarchsLatin shows the influence of Seneca and of his be-loved Saint Augustine, rather than of the bestclassics. Indeed, Petrarch still belongs to themediieval school, and it remained for a Polizianoand a Bembo to prepare the way for an Canzoniere. containing his Italian verse, isthe work for which Petrarch is now comprises sonnets, canzoyii, sestine. ballntr. andmadrigals, mainly of an amorous nature, and de-. PETRARCH FROM AN ENGRAVING BY RAFFAELLO MORGHEN, AFTER A PAINTING BY TOFANELLI PETRAKCH. 663 PETREL. voted to an account of bis love for Laura, al-though some deal with political and other sub-jects. On the formal side Petrarch shows a con-siderable advance over his forerunners, whosemethods he developed. As to the love that hesang, it can hardly be doubted that its object wasa single and concrete one, even though the de-scription of the passion often takes a highlysymbolized and idealized form. Certainlj Laurais not a woman, but woman in general. She hasno strongly individualized traits. Slie is ratherthe noblest abstraction of fair womanhood to befound in literature between Dantes Beatrice andthe period when poets began to sing of womenundeniably flesh and blood. In the minute psy-cliiilogical examination of his own sentimentsPetrarch shows some knowledge of the humanheart, but, after all. his sonnets lack strikingindividuality. \Miat one notices
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