. Ontario Sessional Papers, 1894, . 7 con-structed of cobble stone, as shown inthe cuts. Care must always be takento prevent the water from gettingbehind the sidewalls ; and, where thefall is great, it may be necessary to. Fig 6. 4x4 feet, Box Culvert. make an apron of stone at the lower end to prevent the water from washing outthe earth after it leaves the culvert. In all cases, unless the stones are large andflat, stonework for culverts should be laid in the best mortar, composed -ofhydraulic cement and clean, sharp sand. Larger culverts than shown in the cut?are generally made with
. Ontario Sessional Papers, 1894, . 7 con-structed of cobble stone, as shown inthe cuts. Care must always be takento prevent the water from gettingbehind the sidewalls ; and, where thefall is great, it may be necessary to. Fig 6. 4x4 feet, Box Culvert. make an apron of stone at the lower end to prevent the water from washing outthe earth after it leaves the culvert. In all cases, unless the stones are large andflat, stonework for culverts should be laid in the best mortar, composed -ofhydraulic cement and clean, sharp sand. Larger culverts than shown in the cut?are generally made with an arch, as flagstones larger than shown are not easiljprocured. 56 57 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. :36). A. 1894 Of late years salt-glazed, vitrified sewer-pipe have been largely used forculverts, and if well laid are well adapted for the purpose. Care must be takento make the excavation conform as nearly as possible to the shape of the half ofthe pipe, with proper depressions for the hubs. The joints should be caulkedwith clay or cement. If this is not done the water may f sif out of the joints and wash the earth from around the pipe. The earth should be carefullyand solidly rammed around the pipe, and the upper surfa
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