Introduction to the study of fungi : their organography, classification, and distribution for the use of collectors . i of the old, undivided genus. The pileus is at first soft and fleshy but tough, becomingindurated, rarely fragile, without furrows or zones on thepileus, and with only a single stratum of tubes, so that practi-cally they are not perennial. Some of the species have acentral stem, and then resemble Boletus, only that the tramaof the pileus is continuous with the tubes, which are not easilyseparable from the flesh of the cap. Other species have alateral stem, or even a common ste
Introduction to the study of fungi : their organography, classification, and distribution for the use of collectors . i of the old, undivided genus. The pileus is at first soft and fleshy but tough, becomingindurated, rarely fragile, without furrows or zones on thepileus, and with only a single stratum of tubes, so that practi-cally they are not perennial. Some of the species have acentral stem, and then resemble Boletus, only that the tramaof the pileus is continuous with the tubes, which are not easilyseparable from the flesh of the cap. Other species have alateral stem, or even a common stem, much divided above, andbearing several pilei (Fig. 52). Finally, other species have nostem at all, and the pileus is broadly attached to the matrix, soas to be semi-orbicular or kidney-shaped. Earely the pileus isreduced to a thin stratum, adherent by its whole surface, as inPoria, but with a slightly reflexed margin. In Fomes thesubstance is woody from the first, becoming very hard, andcovered with a rigid crust; not truly zoned, but becoming con-centrically sulcate. The substance is floccose and 138 INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF FUNGI often zoned, and the tubes are typically stratose, each stratumbeing the growth of a year, so that the species are truly per-ennial. Some have a central, others a lateral stem, but mostcommonly they are attached by a broadImse, where they are very thick, and notuncommonly of the shape of a horseshoof, or more rarely several pilei growtogether in an imbricate manner. Thespecies of Polyporus, as now restricted,generally shrink and become contortedin the process of drying; but in Fomesthe substance is so rigid that no shrink-ing or alteration of form takes place,and, except for the depredation of in-FiG. 52.—Polyporus, A\qth gg^ts, might be preserved unaltered for common stem. n r a century. Such species as Famescornuhovis, when sawn through, resemble sections of buffalo-horn, although generally the internal substance is morefibrou
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