. Bulletin - United States National Museum. Science. FAMILY SYNGNATHIDAE—HERALD 233. _STAR _ ITAR / . I. LTRCA AF FTAR Figure 36.—Diagram of the middle part of the body of a hypothetical syngnathid illus- trating the terms used in describing this family: (A) anus; (AF) anal fin; (D) discontinuous part of superior tail ridge; (FTAR) first tail ring; (ITAR) inferior tail ridge; (ITR) inferior trunk ridge; (MVR) midventral abdominal ridge; (LTAR) lateral tail ridge; (LTR) lateral trunk ridge; (LTRC) lateral trunk ridge continuous with inferior tail ridge; (LTRR) last trunk ring; (STAR) superior t
. Bulletin - United States National Museum. Science. FAMILY SYNGNATHIDAE—HERALD 233. _STAR _ ITAR / . I. LTRCA AF FTAR Figure 36.—Diagram of the middle part of the body of a hypothetical syngnathid illus- trating the terms used in describing this family: (A) anus; (AF) anal fin; (D) discontinuous part of superior tail ridge; (FTAR) first tail ring; (ITAR) inferior tail ridge; (ITR) inferior trunk ridge; (MVR) midventral abdominal ridge; (LTAR) lateral tail ridge; (LTR) lateral trunk ridge; (LTRC) lateral trunk ridge continuous with inferior tail ridge; (LTRR) last trunk ring; (STAR) superior tail ridge; (STR) superior trunk ridge. KEY TO THE CENTRAL AND WESTERN PACIFIC GENERA OF SYNGNATHIDAE (HAWAII TO JAPAN, EXCEPT AUSTRALIA AND l^EW ZEALAND) la. Dorsal, pectorals, and anal absent; rings 12 to 19+37 to 43. Penetopter3rx Lunel 1&. Dorsal and anal present; pectorals absent; dorsal 10 to 16; rings 15 to 19-t-32 to 50 Nannocampus Gilnther lo. Dorsal and pectorals present; anal present or absent. 2a. Dorsal placed entirely upon tail, usually beginning about 6 to 8 rings behind anus; anal present or absent; dorsal 12 to 16; rings 8 to 10+49 to 55. Urocampus Giinther 2b. Dorsal placed over or near the anal ring. 3a. Caudal fin absent. 4a. Tail prehensile. 5a. Head at right angles to the body; dorsal based raised. Hippocampus Rafinesque 5&. Head slightly bent or in line with the body; dorsal base raised or not raised. 6a. Lateral trunk ridge absent; inferior trunk ridge continuous with superior tail ridge; eggs deposited on widely expanded ab- dominal surface; brood-pouch protecting plates and folds absent; dorsal 37 to 50; rings 15 to 17+40 to 50. Syngnathoides Bleaker 6&. Lateral trunk ridge present. 7a. Lateral tail ridge absent; brood pouch under tail and sealed except for small opening behind anus; dorsal base raised; dorsal 15 to 17; rings 12 to 13+38 to 45__ Acentronura Kaup 7b. Lateral tail ridge present; dorsal base raised or not raised. 8a. Latera
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