Military aeroplanes, simplified, enlarged; an explanatory consideration of their characteristics, performances, construction, maintenance, and operation, specifically arranged for the use of aviators and students . negun forward stagger, distinctly gives a gain in efficiency, and when itamounts to as much as one-half or fifty per cent of the chord (whichwould be called 50% stagger), then the lift is increased by about 8%. ,-\° Angle of incidence Ihis is a minus decalageof 5-becausefheiopwing is S°less incidencethan ihe lower wing. 6° Angle of incidence DECALAGE We have up to now been
Military aeroplanes, simplified, enlarged; an explanatory consideration of their characteristics, performances, construction, maintenance, and operation, specifically arranged for the use of aviators and students . negun forward stagger, distinctly gives a gain in efficiency, and when itamounts to as much as one-half or fifty per cent of the chord (whichwould be called 50% stagger), then the lift is increased by about 8%. ,-\° Angle of incidence Ihis is a minus decalageof 5-becausefheiopwing is S°less incidencethan ihe lower wing. 6° Angle of incidence DECALAGE We have up to now been considering that the angle of incidenceof all these surfaces was the same. But this is not a necessary require-ment. In fact, the stability of a biplane is<mproved if the top wing isplaced at a higher angle of incidence than the lower wing, particularlyif the wings are staggered. And the speed range of a biplane is slightly 83 improved if the lower wing is placed at a higher angle than the upperwing. The difference in angle is called a decalage, and it is plus whenthe top wing has a higher angle, and minus when the lower wing has ahigher angle. The diagram further explains it. |< Span of Aeroplane. ?Cai-Hedral Angle DIHEDRAL Bending up the wings across their span has very little effect on theLift or Drift, but is a feature used primarily for stability. If the aeroplane tips laterally, or rolls, the low side becomesnearer level across, and therefore, lifts more, while the high side, beingpointed up still more, lifts less. The dihedral thus causes an unequallift on either side tending to right the machine. SUMMARY The data given on surfaces enables the lifting capacity and cor-responding wing resistance to be determined for the various indicating the manner in which this data is used, and a con-sideration of the aeroplane as a unit, may now be taken up. 84
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1910, booksubjectairplanes, bookyear19
