. Off-hand sketches : a companion for the tourist and traveller over the Philadelphia, Pottsville, and Reading railroad . ich interruptthe continuity of the strata. Theyare of various kinds and forms, andconstitute a source of great ex-pense and annoyance in miningcoal. Fig. 48 represents an exam-ple, where the strata, which wereonce continuous, either by their sub-sidence on one side, or their elevation on the other, have been dislocatedand displaced. Suppose that h, on the left, were a coal vein: onarriving at i\\fi fault, and penetrating it, the coal vein is lost, and agreat expense necessa
. Off-hand sketches : a companion for the tourist and traveller over the Philadelphia, Pottsville, and Reading railroad . ich interruptthe continuity of the strata. Theyare of various kinds and forms, andconstitute a source of great ex-pense and annoyance in miningcoal. Fig. 48 represents an exam-ple, where the strata, which wereonce continuous, either by their sub-sidence on one side, or their elevation on the other, have been dislocatedand displaced. Suppose that h, on the left, were a coal vein: onarriving at i\\fi fault, and penetrating it, the coal vein is lost, and agreat expense necessarily ensues before it can be found. Whilefaults are a source of great annoyance, generally speaking, they stillafford some corresponding advantages, since they somewhat counteractthe tendency of the coal veins—pitching, as they do in this region, ata steep angle, to plunge into inaccessible depths; and when the fis-sures are filled with solid rocks, as they most generally are, they formstrong supports for the overlaying strata, as well as embankments tok3ep back the water from the mine. There is, we have stated, a. FIG. 49. variety of faults, both of rock and clay, or soft earth. AVe presentanother idea in reference to them, in fig. 49, where the strata havebeen still more disturbed than in the preceding. We have thus, somewhat briefly, pointed out some of the leadingfeatures constituting the vegetation and stratification of the coal for-mation; to dwell upon them at greater length than is necessary tosustain the tenor of our object, would be a waste of time, and wouldusurp too much of our space. For much of what has been said, weare indebted to the able geological works of Prof. Richardson, andacknowledge our obligations with a high sense of appreciation 156 OFF-HAND SKETCHES. of his researches. AVith these examples, therefore, we must leavethis branch of the subject, and proceed to the direct considerationof the great anthracite coal beds now before us. DISCOVERY OF ANTHRAC
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