The islands of Titicaca and Koati, illustrated . artefacts in generalascribed to the Chullpa on the Island are identical withthose of the Chullpa on the Bolivian mainland as far as weknow. I refer to the vicinity of Chililaya and Huarina, andthe sections of Llujo, Coana and Coni, near the snows ofIllimani.^^ The word Chullpa is often applied, on the shores of theLake and in the Puna in general, to tower-like structures,some of the handsomest of which are those of Sillustani,of Acora* and of the Peninsula of Huata. Elsewhere Ihave shown that the Sillustani edifices were not burial tow-ers, whic
The islands of Titicaca and Koati, illustrated . artefacts in generalascribed to the Chullpa on the Island are identical withthose of the Chullpa on the Bolivian mainland as far as weknow. I refer to the vicinity of Chililaya and Huarina, andthe sections of Llujo, Coana and Coni, near the snows ofIllimani.^^ The word Chullpa is often applied, on the shores of theLake and in the Puna in general, to tower-like structures,some of the handsomest of which are those of Sillustani,of Acora* and of the Peninsula of Huata. Elsewhere Ihave shown that the Sillustani edifices were not burial tow-ers, which is also likely in the case of Huata.^*^ The modeof burial which Cieza de Leon describes as general in theCoUao and on the southern shores of Lake Titicaca^^ isnot found on the Island. All the graves seen by us—andwe saw upward of three hundred—are in the ground, andstone cysts mostly, with a rude slab or block as cover. This B =? ce .S -s o o > O ? XX ?J IS g o o 03 IE 03 ?:! CO n (-M Ti * a® 1=1 . O a >p 6 03 p^ !>i a o. ANCIENT RUINS ON THE ISLAND OF TITICACA 187 mode of burial is like that observed by us at Cliililaya, onthe Island of Cojata and on the lUimani slopes. The num-ber of graves on Titicaca is large, but does not indicate aso-called Chullpa population in excess of the number ofpresent inhabitants.^^ The artificial deformity of the heads being the same aswas found in practice among all Aymara-speaking tribes atthe time of the conquest, it also supports the assertions of«arly chroniclers, that the Island of Titicaca was originallyinhabited by a branch of the Aymard tribe. Prom the size and disposition of structures that were])robably dwellings we may conclude that the homes ofthese people were dingy and calculated for shelter andwarmth almost exclusively. In the absence of combust-ibles, crowding and exclusion of air had to protect from theprevailing cold. Not enough is left of these structures toenable us to decide whether their inmates used chimne
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