. Comparative animal physiology. Physiology, Comparative; Physiology, Comparative. ZQ2 Comparative Animal Physiology The mechanical properties of muscle have been studied by stretching and releasing under different conditions. Muscles have properties of viscous and of elastic bodies. When vertebrate striated muscle is stretched it develops elastic tension, and when the stretching force is removed the muscle returns rapidlv to its initial length; its "viscosity" is low. When visceral short-hbered smooth muscle is similarly stretched it lengthens rapidly at hrst, then more slowly; it s
. Comparative animal physiology. Physiology, Comparative; Physiology, Comparative. ZQ2 Comparative Animal Physiology The mechanical properties of muscle have been studied by stretching and releasing under different conditions. Muscles have properties of viscous and of elastic bodies. When vertebrate striated muscle is stretched it develops elastic tension, and when the stretching force is removed the muscle returns rapidlv to its initial length; its "viscosity" is low. When visceral short-hbered smooth muscle is similarly stretched it lengthens rapidly at hrst, then more slowly; it shows an initial elastic tension which falls off as the stretch con- tinues; smooth muscle behaves as a plastic viscous body. According to Win- ton--*"' smooth muscle can be represented by a model of three phases: pure elastic as a coiled spring, viscous-elastic as a spring damped in oil, and pure viscous as \'anes in oil. Striated muscle can be represented by the first two of these phases. Muscles differ in the proportionate effectiveness of their elastic and viscous phases. Vertebrate striated muscle de\'elops elastic tension when stretched; in addition it may develop tonus reflexly, , initiated via the central nervous system bv stimulation of stretch receptors within the muscle. Its tone results. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Prosser, C. Ladd (Clifford Ladd), 1907-; Bishop, David W. Philadelphia, Saunders
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