. bao hu sheng wu xue. botany. ä¿æ¤çç©å-¦çå®ä¹. å¾çº¦å¡ç±³èå½å®¶å ¬å-ç赫å¥è°·æ¯åå¾·éå-¦ æ´¾æèåçéå¤é£æ¯èºæ¯å®¶æ¯å°æ¯æ³°ç¹ï¼Albert Bierstadt)æåç±çåä½é¢æãè¿å¹ ç»ä½äº1875 å¹´ãååå¹´åï¼ç¯ä¿ä¸»ä¹çå é约翰.缪å°é¢å¯¼ äºä¸åºæ¼«é¿ä½æç»å¤±è´¥çç«æ³æäºï¼è¯å¾é»æ-¢å¨ 20ä¸çºª20年代è¿éä¸ä¸ªæ°´åç修建ãè¿ä¸ªæ°´å æç»å»ºæï¼æ·¹æ²¡äºèµ«å¥è°·ï¼ç¨æ¥åä¸è©å¸æä¾æ°´ æºåæ°´ååçµ(Mount Holyoke Collgeèºæ¯åç© é¦æ èµ ï¼ River School)çèºæ¯å®¶ä»¬ä¹æåæ ·è§ç¹ã该å-¦æ´¾çç»å®¶ä»¥å¯¹"大èªç¶ä¸æåé çå®è¯¦å¢ç" (Cole 1835)ç浪漫æç»èè称äºä¸ï¼å¾)ãèªç¶ä¿æ¤çæ¥æ¤è 缪å°ï¼John Muirï¼ 1838â 1914)åçæ®(Aldo Leopold, 1887â194
. bao hu sheng wu xue. botany. ä¿æ¤çç©å-¦çå®ä¹. å¾çº¦å¡ç±³èå½å®¶å ¬å-ç赫å¥è°·æ¯åå¾·éå-¦ æ´¾æèåçéå¤é£æ¯èºæ¯å®¶æ¯å°æ¯æ³°ç¹ï¼Albert Bierstadt)æåç±çåä½é¢æãè¿å¹ ç»ä½äº1875 å¹´ãååå¹´åï¼ç¯ä¿ä¸»ä¹çå é约翰.缪å°é¢å¯¼ äºä¸åºæ¼«é¿ä½æç»å¤±è´¥çç«æ³æäºï¼è¯å¾é»æ-¢å¨ 20ä¸çºª20年代è¿éä¸ä¸ªæ°´åç修建ãè¿ä¸ªæ°´å æç»å»ºæï¼æ·¹æ²¡äºèµ«å¥è°·ï¼ç¨æ¥åä¸è©å¸æä¾æ°´ æºåæ°´ååçµ(Mount Holyoke Collgeèºæ¯åç© é¦æ èµ ï¼ River School)çèºæ¯å®¶ä»¬ä¹æåæ ·è§ç¹ã该å-¦æ´¾çç»å®¶ä»¥å¯¹"大èªç¶ä¸æåé çå®è¯¦å¢ç" (Cole 1835)ç浪漫æç»èè称äºä¸ï¼å¾)ãèªç¶ä¿æ¤çæ¥æ¤è 缪å°ï¼John Muirï¼ 1838â 1914)åçæ®(Aldo Leopold, 1887â1948)åä»ç§å-¦çè§åº¦å¤§åéè¿°ä¿æ¤èªç¶æ æ¯å°å ç»´æ¤çæç³»ç»å¹³è¡¡çéè¦æ§ã å¨20ä¸çºªä¸-åæï¼å¡éï¼Rachel Carlson)çãå¯éçæ¥å¤©ãï¼1962å¹´åºçï¼æ-ç¤ºäº åè¯å¼èµ·çéçå¨ç©æ°éä¸éãè¿æ¬ä¹¦æåå°æèµ·äºç°ä»£ç¯å¢ä¿æ¤ä¸»ä¹è¿å¨ãæ-¤åï¼èå äºå½¢èä¸å-¦ä¸ç§å-¦è®ºç¹ççäºå说ï¼Gaia Hypothesis, Lovelock, 1988)æåºï¼å°çå¯ä»¥è¢« çä½ä¸ä¸ª"è¶ çº§çç©ä½"ï¼å®ççç©ãç©çãåå-¦æåç¸äºä½ç¨å¹¶è°èç大æ°å±åæ°åç¹å¾ã ç°ä»£èªç¶ä¿æ¤çæ¥æ¤è 们ï¼æ¯å¦ç¬¬3ç« ä¸-å°è¦æå°ç"æ·±å±çæè¿å¨"çåä¸è 们ï¼å¸¸å¸¸ å¼ååå°æåæ-¢é£äºåæ°å°çèªç¶å¹³è¡¡çå·¥ä¸å人类活å¨ãè¿ç§ä¿æèªç¶ä¸åå¹²æ°çå çæçè§ç¹çè¡äºç
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